A&P Review Sheet

LAB TIME/DATENAMER E V I E W S H E E TEXERCISE 6 Classification of Tissues Tissue Structure and Function—General Review A group of cells working together to perform a common function. They form together to make up organs1. Define tissue.2. Use the key choices to identify the major tissue types described below. Key: a. connective tissue b. epithelium c. muscle d. nervous tissue BÂ   1. lines body cavities and covers the body’s external surface 2. pumps blood, flushes urine out of the body, allows one to swing a bat 3. transmits electrochemical impulses 4. anchors, packages, and supports body organs 5. cells may absorb, secrete, and filter 6. most involved in regulating and controlling body functions 7. major function is to contract 8. synthesizes hormones 9. the most durable tissue type 10. abundant nonliving extracellular matrix 11. most widespread tissue in the body 12. orms nerves and the brain Epithelial Tissue3. Describe five general characteristics of epithelial tissue.4. On what basis are epithelial tissues classified?Cells fit closely together, Avascular, Sheetlike membrane Membrane has free edge, High regenerative capacity. The shape of the cells that make it up and its layers 855. List five major functions of epithelium in the body, and give examples of each.Protection Skin Absorption Cells in digestive tract Function 2:Example:Filtration cells in kidney tubule Function 3:Example:Secretion Cells in the Kidneys Function 4:Example:Endings of sensory neurons Sensory reception Function 5:Example:Function 1:Example:6.How does the function of stratified epithelia differ from the function of simple epithelia?7. Where is ciliated epithelium found? What role does it play?8.Transitional epithelium is actually stratified squamous epithelium with special characteristics. How does it differ structurally from other stratified squamous epithelia? How does the structural difference support its function?9. How do the endocrine and exocrine glands differ in structure and function?10. Respond to the following with the key choices. Key: a. b. simple squamous simple cuboidal c. d. simple columnar pseudostratified ciliated columnar lining of the esophagus lining of the stomach e. f. stratified squamous transitional Acts to move stuff. If moves the mucus from the respiratory tract and moves sperm in the reproductive tract. A The extra layers of the stratified Epithelia allow for better protection than the simple epithelia which only has one layer. In the respiratory tract and also in the reproductive organs nly the top layers are squamous It allows for stretching to increase the surface area. Endocrine glands produce hormones inside of the body. Exocrine glands have ducts that lead stuff out of the body, like sweat. E CÂ   1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. lveolar sacs of lungs tubules of the kidney epidermis of the skin lining of bladder; peculiar cells that have the ability to slide over each other forms the thin serous membranes; a single layer of flattened cells11. What are three general characteristics of connective tissues?Different degrees of vascularity, Common origin of CT, a large amount of extracellular matrix. Protection, support, and and help bind other tissues together12. What functions are performed by connective tissue?13. How are the functions of connective tissue reflected in its structure?14. Using the key, choose the best response to identify the connective tissues described below. The stucture helps provide protection since the matrix is so much larger than all others. 1. attaches bones to bones and muscles to bones 2. acts as a storage depot for fat 3. the dermis of the skin 4. makes up the intervertebral discs 5. forms the hip bone Key: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. adipose connective tissue areolar connective tissue dense fibrous connective tissue elastic cartilage elastic connective tissue fibrocartilage hematopoietic tissue hyaline cartilage osseous tissue 6. composes basement membranes; a soft packagin g tissue with a jellylike matrix 7. forms the larynx, the costal cartilages of the ribs, and the embryonic skeleton 8. rovides a flexible framework for the external ear 9. firm, structurally amorphous matrix heavily invaded with fibers; appears glassy and smooth 10. matrix hard owing to calcium salts; provides levers for muscles to act on 11. insulates against heat loss 12. walls of large arteries15. Why do adipose cells remind people of a ring with a single jewel?The adipose tissue has large vacole. The vacuoles are round in shape and the nucleus is pushed to the outside so it looks like a solitare ring.16. What two physiological characteristics are highly developed in neurons (nerve cells)?17. In what ways are neurons similar to other cells? Irritability and conductivity. They have a similar structure. They both have a nucleus and many of the same organelles. They have an Axon, which helps with the impulses. How are they different?18. Describe how the unique structure of a neuron relates to its function in the body. The extensions that are present on the neurons help in aiding to send impulses throughout the body when they need to go a long distance. Muscle Tissue19. The three types of muscle tissue exhibit similarities as well as differences. Check the appropriate space in the chart to indicate which muscle types exhibit each characteristic.20.Label the tissue types illustrated here and on the next pages, and identify all structures provided with leaders. CT Cilia Epithilial layer Basement membrane (a) Simple columnar epithilial Basement membrane (b) Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar epithelial CT Nuclei Basement membrane Basement membrane (c) Stratified Squamous epithlial (d) Transitional epithelial CT Nucleus of fibroblast Mast cells Nucleus Collagen fiberes MAtrix (e) Areolar CT (f) dense regular CT