NURSING RESEARCH CRITIQUE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Assignment

NURSING RESEARCH CRITIQUE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH - Assignment Example The method was not well described, but it is a good method because it focuses on fully understanding the everyday experiences, of the nurses, the relatives and the patients while in ICU. 5. Ethical aspects were considered. The participants were informed of what they would be going through, and they signed a consent form. Besides, the research was approved by the institutional review board at a recognized university and the hospital where the research was done. 6. Participants included five nurses, five patients and five family members. The researcher describes the criteria for choosing the participants, for example, the patients should be mentally stable, and the nurses were experienced, fully qualified and registered. The purposeful sampling strategy was used. However, we are not told how the sample size was determined. 8. The researcher describes the process of collecting and recording the data. Data was collected through audiotaped interviews. The second interview was done four days after the first to clarify the data. The researcher stopped collecting the data when data saturation was achieved. There were no biases in data collection since all the participants were treated the same way. 9. A professional transcriptionist transcribed the taped interviews, and the data was then analyzed by Van Manen’s selective, holistic and detailed line-by-line approach. The researcher put him/herself in the shoes of the participant for better understanding. So as to understand the participants experiences, theme analysis was done through triangulation of the data obtained from the three categories. The method of analysis used is fit for such qualitative research. 10. From the research, it was found that nurses view both the patient and the relatives as a family. Nurses were regarded as part of the family too. Nurses suggested that it was important for relatives to be with the patient most of the time for spiritual and psychological

The Creation of Modern Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

The Creation of Modern Capitalism - Essay Example We are now in the early stages of such a revolution, the transformation toward sustainable development. Most large corporations developed in an era of abundant raw materials, cheap energy, and limitless sinks for waste disposal. While successful in reestablishing the legitimacy of an industry under tremendous public pressure, Responsible Care has failed to address the fundamental underlying problems associated with the chemical industry; many of its products and processes are highly toxic, resource intensive, and continue to place enormous pressures on air and water resources. (Abernathy, 1978, 41) As the corporation ages, the bureaucracy begins to settle in. Passions cool and are replaced by "rational decision making," often simply the codification of what has worked in the past. Data are gathered, analysis is performed, alternatives are postulated, and scenarios are developed. Attempts are made to avoid the game of information sculpting. Only when rational decision making is in vogue does all the relevant information flow to the right decision maker, at the right time, and in the right form to be easily analyzed and interpreted. Rational decision making is triumphant, at least for a while. This stage is often pictured as the normal state of the corporation, although in our experience, particularly as the pace of change increases, rarely does this ideal state accurately describe how the company actually operates. Eventually, rational decision making reveals that the future potential of the business is limited. Often, at this point, threatened by the prospect of a bleak future, the corporation falls back on defensive routines to protect the organization from its fate, just as defensive emotions emerge in our lives when we sense impending trauma. Management now sees the future filled more with trouble than with promise. Decisions are made to protect existing businesses. The fear of discarding the old for the new (product cannibalization), the fear of channel conflict, and the fear of earnings dilution through acquisition paralyze acts of creative destruction and often effectively shield the corporation from the perception of future trouble--as well as the need to act--for a long time. Cultural lock-in is established, thwarting the emergence of a leader or team that might save the day. The causes of cultural lock-in Why does cultural lock-in occur The heart of the problem is the formation of hidden sets of rules, or mental models, that once formed are extremely difficult to change. Mental models are the core concepts of the corporation, the beliefs and assumptions, the cause-and-effect relationships, the guidelines for interpreting language and signals, the stories repeated within the corporate walls. Charlie Munger, a longtime friend of and co-investor with Warren Buffett and vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, calls mental models the "theoretical frameworks that help investors better understand the world." Mental models are invisible in the corporation. They are neither explicit nor