Use of CBCT in Orthodontics- A Review

Utilization of CBCT in Orthodontics-A Review Unique Parallel cephalometric radiographs are most usually utilized as a symptomatic device in orthognathic medical procedure just as orthodontic treatment. Be that as it may, the constraint of sidelong cephalograms is its 2 dimensional nature though the human body is 3 dimensional. Ordinary 2D sidelong cephalograms have various downsides as far as exploring the adjustments in the alveolar bone and roots, especially in the front area, as an outcome of the midsagittal projection. Furthermore its exactness is flawed as it has projection blunders. The utilization of registered tomography in 3D imaging of human body is accessible in the field of medication since most recent 30 years. CT filtering is the three dimensional imaging procedure giving quantitative appraisals of the buccal and lingual cortical bone plates and labiolingual width of alveolar bone with raised exactness and accuracy. In any case, the utilization of figured tomography in dentistry is restricted in light of the fact that th e measure of radiation introduction with this innovation is high. Since the creation of Cone Beam Computed Tomography, the measure of radiation presentation in the patient is diminished. This improves its utilization in acquiring the 3D pictures of the craniofacial structures. This innovation helps in imagining the hard and delicate tissues of the craniofacial structures from different points of view and aides in intensive conclusion and treatment arranging of orthognathic medical procedure and orthodontic patients. The standards of CBCT and its utilization in the field of orthodontics will be examined in detail in this paper. Catchphrases: Cone pillar processed tomography, Surgical orthodontics. Presentation Orthodontics is a field, which puts a lot of accentuation on the adjustment of irregular craniofacial development designs, notwithstanding the remedy of dental malrelationships. Fruitful orthodontic and careful treatment of such irregularities normally requires productive and dependable imaging of the structures of the cranial complex. Since the time the approach ofã‚â the Bolton cephalometer in 1931 [1], orthodontists have reliably utilized sidelong cephalograms in assessment of treatment just as in finding and treatment arranging. Moreover, postero-front, all encompassing, occlusal and peri-apical perspectives on the skull and teeth have been utilized as and when required to help in the finding. All these extra radiographic perspectives signify a critical amount of radiation presentation to the patient, which can and ought to be maintained a strategic distance from if conceivable. Additionally, the 2 dimensional nature of these ordinary radiographic perspectives forces further confinements, for example, cover, prompting absence of perception of individual structures, mistakes because of projection, just as the lack of ability to recognize genuine skeletal asymmetries when present [2]. In this way, it has been perceived for quite a while that three-dimensional imaging of the skull is the need of great importance in orthodontics. 3D Computed tomography in Orthodontics The utilization of processed tomography in 3D imaging of human body is accessible in the field of medication since most recent 30 years. Be that as it may, the high radiation presentation and the restrictive expense of this innovation have till now blocked its utilization in orthodontics. In any case, ongoing advances in CT innovation have seen a sensational abatement in radiation just as in cost, making it a feasible and attractive option in contrast to customary imaging. The more current CT machines would now be able to play out a total output of the head in only a couple of moments and give the patient a powerful portion of just 50 small scale Sieverts, contrasted and around 2000 from a regular CT sweep of the whole head [3]. This follows the ALARA standard (As low as sensibly adequate) for radiation introduction, of the American Dental Association. Radiation exposures are additionally diminished when one accepts that a solitary CT picture can supplant various traditional radiographs that are presently viewed as fundamental for pretty much every orthodontic strategy. Therefore, the standard utilization of CT examines for orthodontic conclusion may not be extremely far away [4]. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT): Technique and Advantages Ordinary CT machines gain picture information by utilizing either a solitary restricted X-beam pillar or a slight expansive fan-molded X-beam shaft. These X-beam shafts pivot around the patient in a roundabout or winding way as the patient travels through the examining machine or as the turning pillar disregards the patient. A progression of indicators register the lessening of these X beams, and from the information accumulated, the machine remakes the interior structure of the patients body [5]. 3D information of the patients anatomical structures is put away as Voxels. These can be thought of as minuscule blocks organized close to one another. The splendor of each 3D square speaks to the thickness of the relating anatomic structure. Acquiring the last 3D object from the crude information requires a tedious procedure called rendering, which is accomplished utilizing PC calculations [6]. Be that as it may, another computerized imaging discovery, the NewTom QR 9000 Volume Scanner (Verona, Italy) is presently accessible for clinical practice. This CT scanner utilizes a cone-formed X-beam pillar that is sufficiently huge to incorporate the district of intrigue. It delivers a much engaged pillar, limiting disperse, accordingly diminishing the consumed radiation portion to 45 microSieverts [7]. As opposed to traditional CT imaging the patient stays fixed all through the system. In a solitary output, the X-beam source and a responding X-beam sensor turn around the patients head and secure 360 pictures (1 picture for each level of revolution) in 17 seconds of presentation time. The 360 gained pictures experience an essential reproduction to numerically duplicate the patients life structures into a solitary 3 dimensional volume. Further, the product takes into consideration reformatting and seeing the picture information according to any perspective in every one of the 3 mea surements. Subsequently, from a solitary sweep, frontal, sidelong, all encompassing and different perspectives can be made. Furthermore, the life structures can be stripped away layer by layer to find the ideal area. A significant bit of leeway of CBCT-created cephalograms is the capacity to extract undesirable structures, for example, the cervical spine and occiput, maintaining a strategic distance from superimposition of immaterial structures, and giving a surprisingly away from of relevant maxillo-facial structures [8]. Employments of 3-dimensional registered tomography in Orthodontics Appraisal of alveolar bone The alveolar bone tallness is especially significant in grown-ups and periodontally undermined patients. Appraisal of accessible bone is fundamental before curve extension or labial development of incisors. Surface anomalies because of ectopic teeth, bone dehiscences, salivary organ invaginations and different variations from the norm can likewise be envisioned in three-dimensional pictures. Another asset for occlusal appraisal is the lingual view-as though the clinician were looking from the rear of the patients head into the oral pit. Affected tooth position Impaction (or disappointment of ejection) of teeth is a typical orthodontic issue, which requires exact confinement with the end goal of careful presentation and direction into the oral cavity. Traditional perspectives, for example, the occlusal and periapical sees can't exactly find such teeth. CT filters with 3 dimensional reproductions give an astounding way to precisely find such teeth. In such an examination done on a multi year old young lady, by Ravinder et al. [9], an affected maxillary left canine was precisely limited, and uncovered to be in a flat, palatal position. This was done, by acquiring different perspectives, for example, plain hub, sagittal CT cuts, just as predominant, sagittal and unrivaled sideways perspectives on the maxillary dentition. Walker, Enciso and Mah [10] have additionally revealed the benefits of 3D imaging in the administration of affected canines. Moreover, blisters of the jaws, supernumeraries and ectopic/covered teeth can likewise be envisioned utilizing this method. Temporomandibular Joint Assessment Coronal, sagittal and pivotal perspectives on the temporomandibular joint got from the CT output can be corresponded with the occlusal sees. Utilitarian move of the joints can be every so often identified as contrasts between the left and right TMJ sees. Moreover, 3D CT investigations on patients who experienced orthognathic medical procedure, have permitted better assessment of post careful condylar resorption [11]. Careful patients including conditions and clefts Careful making arrangements for patients with jaw asymmetry, for example Hemifacial Microsomia can profit by 3D imaging. This permits estimation of genuine jaw measurements without the standard issues of amplification, superimposition and bending, natural in 2 D cephalograms. Utilization of virtual slicing apparatuses and impact instruments to design out medical procedure on the 3D pictures, implies that orthognathic medical procedure just as interruption osteogenesis can be done with a far more noteworthy level of accuracy, prompting increasingly unsurprising outcomes. [12] Facial Analysis A customary photo is a basic two-dimensional portrayal that isn't associated with the supporting skeleton. The 3D volume can give any frontal, sidelong or client characterized perspective on the face, and by adjusting the translucency of the picture, one can decide the specific relationship of the delicate tissues to the skeleton. This has significant ramifications in the arranging of tooth developments, orthodontic extractions, orthognathic medical procedure, and different treatments that could change facial appearance. Tongue size and Posture Volume estimations of the tongue could give an increasingly target evaluation of size, to help in the conclusion of curve width inconsistencies and open nibbles. Aviation route evaluation Volume estimations of the aviation route could assess patency, especially in patients associated with adenoid hypertrophy, mouth-breathing or obstructive rest apnea. Turbinates and nasal morphology can likewise be clearly found in CT checks. This would stamp a critical improvement over the utilization of 2 dimensional parallel cephalograms.

Underground Railroad Essays (211 words) - , Term Papers

Underground Railroad The underground railroad was increasingly effective in completion subjugation contrasted with the abolitionists method of consummation subjection. This is valid for some reasons, for example, that Hariet Tubman helped 200 to 300 slaves in 79 excursions escape from subjugation, the sheltered houses and conductors helped made it effective, and furthermore, numerous individuals helped the slaves escape from the south up toward the north, for the most part to Canada. Hariet Tubman turned into an expert for the underground railroad after getting away from Maryland into Pennsylvania. She made 79 excursions from the south up toward the north and Canada. She helped 200 to 300 slaves escape and be free. Many joined the airforce in Canada, and others worked in industrial facilities. Robert Pervis additionally worked for the underground railroad. He had so numerous great activities that he was known to be to some degree a president for the framework. Numerous individuals needed to end bondage, so they helped the slaves escape by letting the slaves remain at their homes, These were called safe lodging. Each house was known as a station in which slaves would stop at on their approach to the north. The conductors were the pioneers who helped the slaves escape. Hariet Tubman was a conductor. There were numerous manners by which the underground railroad helped end subjugation. So the underground railroad was effective in liberating the slaves.

8 ELL Mistakes Youre Probably Making in Your College Essays

8 ELL Mistakes Youre Probably Making in Your College Essays The number of ELL (English Language Learners) attending American colleges and universities is steadily growing. In fact, according to a whitepaper produced by the American Institutes for Research:From 1990 to 2014, the number of international students enrolled in U.S. higher education institutions more than doubled, reaching a total of 1.1 million students in the 2016â€"17 academic year (Institute of International Education, 2017a). Second-generation Americans, children born in the United States to immigrant parents, currently account for almost 20% of all U.S. college students and 24% of community college students (Community College Consortium for Immigrant Education, 2015).American Institutes for ResearchThe number of ELL writers in the US is steadily growing. Photo by Sean Kong on Unsplash.Mistake #1: Switching tense or incorrect tenseIn my experience as an editor for many ELL clients, a switched tense or incorrect tense were two of the most common mistakes I found. In the English language (as with other languages), the tense of a sentence shows the reader whether something occurred in the past, the present, or will occur in the future. In most cases, if a paragraph is written logically, it will consist of verbs that use the same tense. For example, consider the following paragraph:In their study of the migratory habits of birds, the authors explained that birds migrate due to lack of resources. They will move to areas with more resources. The authors note that birds look for food and nesting locations.Notice how the first verb, explained is in past tense and the following verb, migrate is in present tense. The next verb, will move is in future tense. And the last verb is note, which is present tense. Since the writer used three different tenses instead of one, the paragraph is confusing and poorly written. A better way to write it would be:In their study of the migratory habits of birds, the authors explain that birds migrate due to lack of resources, and t hen move to more fertile areas to compensate. Typically, the birds look for food and nesting locations.Not only is the above paragraph written in all present tense, Ive combined the first two sentences to make it read less choppy. Ive also removed the repetition of resources and authors, which brings us to Mistake #2.Mistake #2: Repeating words excessivelyIts always a good idea for any writerâ€"whether English is your second language or notâ€"to look over paragraphs to ensure that excessive repetition isnt taking place. While your grade might not get dinged for it as a grammar error, it does come across as poor writing.As shown in the example paragraph beneath Mistake #1, the two best ways to deal with this are:Combine shorter sentences that repeat a word.Rewrite a sentence using alternate language to avoid repetition.Mistake #3: Using the wrong prepositionMany prepositional phrases (groups of two or more words that begin with a preposition) are idiomatic expressions, meaning if the y are taken literally, they likely wont make sense. A few good examples are:Beside the pointBehind the scenesIn any caseOn account ofTo a certain extentOut of the questionOn the other handOf courseIn no timeIn advance ofAt any rateAt ones disposalBy heartFor a livingAt lastAt a lossThese are only a few of the idioms in the English language that begin with a preposition, but it is obvious how complicated they could be for someone just learning the language to understand. In fact, advanced writing courses often suggest leaving idiomatic expressions out of ones writing completely, since they can be misunderstood by a large percentage of readers (including ELL readers).This confusion is the main reason many ELL college students use the wrong preposition in their writing. Errors like by the other hand instead of on the other hand, at a certain extent instead of to a certain extent, and in any rate instead of at any rate are common among ELL writersâ€"and rightly so. These errors could ar guably make more logical sense than the correct preposition, although theyll still sound awkward to the native English speakers ear.Mistake #4: Using incorrect articlesAs a student of the French language, I often struggled with learning articles for nouns because of their masculine versus feminine qualities. Although I havent studied Spanish, Ive read that the language contains nine articles compared to the three used in English. So, I understand how article use can be confusing to an English language learner.Just like Spanish, the English language contains definite and indefinite articles. A and An are indefinite, while The is definite. So, the first step to determining which to use is to determine if the noun that follows needs a definite or indefinite article.Examples:A rainshower always makes the air smell wonderful.The rainshower made the air smell wonderful.In the examples above, the first sentence is referring to any rainshowerâ€"or all of them! Rainshowers, in general, alway s make the air smell wonderful. However, the second sentence is referring to a specific rainshowerâ€"one that happened recently or today. That particular rainshower made the air smell wonderful.Once you have determined whether a definite or indefinite article is to be used, the final step is to look at the noun again and determine if it begins with a vowel (or vowel sound) or consonant (or consonant sound). In the case of indefinite articles, and only indefinite articles, this will determine whether A should be used or An should be used.Keep in mind that the vowels are A, E, I, O and U. Most words will follow the general rule of A before words that begin with a consonant and An before words that begin with a vowel. However, in the rare cases that a word begins with a vowel sound but the letter is actually a consonant (such as hour), use An instead. Likewise, when a word begins with a vowel that sounds like a consonant (such as university), use A instead. This might be a tricky proce ss for some, but eventually, youll memorize that correct article to use in these uncommon situations.Mistake #5: Using a thesaurusWhile a thesaurus can be a handy tool for writing, it can also cause some serious confusion if the writer doesnt understand the connotation of words. For example, a toxic relationship means something very different than a lethal relationship, but toxic and lethal are listed together as synonyms in a thesaurus.One of the hardest steps to take in any language is to understand the connotation of a word. This is because much of a words connotation develops over time and even varies by culture or region. In other wordsâ€"if youre not sure of both the connotation and denotation of a word, dont use it. If you are an ELL writer, its always a good idea to have a native English speaker look over your writing to ensure that you havent used words that could have the wrong connotation.One of the hardest steps to take in any language is to understand the connotation of a word, especially in academic writing. Photo by Nirma Safitri on Unsplash.Mistake #6: Not getting to the pointMaking definitive statements is part of academic writing and is the result of studying a topic in enough depth to be confident in your knowledge of it. However, due to the difficulty in learning another languageâ€"and even more so, academic writing in that new languageâ€"making a definitive statement can be a daunting task. However, its an obstacle that needs to be overcome if you want to learn to write well in English.The result of not making definitive statements is a paper full of insinuations and vague suggestions that doesnt get to the point. A professor needs to see a clear thesis statement in your papers introduction, and then clear supporting arguments for that thesis throughout the body of your paper. Even if you feel unsure about your writing abilities, avoid this mistake for a higher grade.Mistake #7: Using the wrong verbalAs you can see from this study guide, t here are three types of verbals, which are words formed from verbs but used as nouns, adjectives or adverbs. Specifically, these are gerunds, infinitives, and participles.GerundsThe gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and is used as a noun.Examples:Running is my favorite activity. (Running is the noun; is is the verb)Knowing is always better than guessing. (Knowing and guessing are nouns; is is the verb)She liked dancing. (dancing is the noun; liked is the verb)InfinitivesAn infinitive is a verb with to in front of it. It can be used as a noun, adjective, or adverb in the sentence.Examples:I like to write. (like is the verb; to write is the direct object)They have a suggestion to offer. (have is the verb; to offer is the adjective)She wants to go to Hawaii. (wants is the verb; to go is an adverb)ParticipleA participle is a verbal that ends in -ing, -ed, -d-, -t, -en, or -n and is used as an adjective.Examples:The shouting crowds were out of control. (shouting is used as an adjectiv e modifying crowds)The fallen soldier is buried in an unmarked grave. (fallen is used as an adjective modifying soldier)Mistake #8: The big oneUltimately, the biggest mistake ELL writers can make is to give up. Even native English speakers must practice diligently to become great writers. With practice, youll find that it gets easier to do without making so many mistakes.

Examination Of Drinking Habits And Motives Of Collegiate...

Article #1 Taylor, Elizabeth A., et al. Examination of drinking habits and motives of collegiate student- athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Management, vol. 9, no. 1, 2017, p. 78+. Academic OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=AONEsw=wu=kaea136v=2.1id=GALE%7CA48002999 0it=rasid=b0f90d6060160db2d2158297e68d58b9. Accessed 29 Mar. 2017. Summary: Author, Elizabeth A. Taylor, Rose Marie Ward, and Robin Hardin were all professors. Elizabeth A. Taylor completed the requirements for her Ph.D. in Kinesiology and Sports Studies in May of 2016. She is completing the requirements for her master’s degree in statistics and certificate in Women s Studies at the University of Tennessee in 2017. Rose Marie Ward is a professor in the†¦show more content†¦Collegiate student-athletes are not only more likely to consume alcohol more frequently, but also consume more drinks every time, and more likely to binge drink a lot more out of habit than the nonathletic students. Although the student athletes drink to become less stressful, there are many negative consequences. Some of the negative consequences include different physical illnesses or injuries, a greater chance of drinking and driving (or riding with an intoxicated driver), increased the chance of risky sexual behaviors, a greater amount of sensations to seek rec kless behavior, and a decreased amount of academic success. Taylor, Ward, and Hardin state that, â€Å"Alcohol consumption patterns also differ based on specific sport and gender.† Males tend to typically consume more alcohol than females. Taylor, Ward, and Hardin say, â€Å"Sixty percent of male and 50% of female collegiate student-athletes self-reported heavy episodic alcohol consumption during a two-week period.† Another difference in alcohol consumption numbers was their sports that they were involved in. The male student-athletes who participate in swimming, soccer, and baseball reported a significantly higher alcohol consumption compared to other sports such as basketball or track and field. Throughout this study, Taylor, Ward, and Hardin concluded that collegiate student-athletes are more likely to consume alcohol thanShow MoreRelatedResearch Paper and Argument Topics4449 Words   |  18 Pagesextent? Is healthcare for women underfunded? In what ways? Should in surance companies that cover the cost of Viagra prescriptions also be required to cover birth control and regular examinations for women? Are homosexual characters and topics appropriate for primetime television? In what ways does gender play a role in student success and teacher attention in the classroom? Should the Equal Rights Amendment be revived and made part of the Constitution? UWC at UCF (407) 823-2197 http://uwc.cah.ucf.eduRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesThis online teaching and learning environment integrates the entire digital textbook with the most effective instructor and student resources With WileyPLUS: Students achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual

The Work Of Egon Schiele - 1448 Words

Introduction The work of Egon Schiele is very important to me personally. In this Extended Essay I focus on Egon Schiele because his artworks influence me. He likes to show his hands in his painting and photos. In his self-painting, I can always find out that the hands always attract my eyes. His hands really impress me and I really like his hands. This gives me an idea that to put my own hands on the social software and see that will people love my hands in this era. Now, I think the answer is yes. There are more than 6,000 people like my hands in that social software. Egon Schiele used different action of his hands to show his expression and maybe his attitude to the era. That makes me pay attention to Egon Schiele’s life and experience, and then I am interested in Egon Schiele’s whole life. Although he do not had a long life, I still want to explain the meaning of his short life. Egon Schiele was an Austrian painter, who is the disciple of Gustav Klimt. In the early 20th century, Egon Schiele was one of the major figurative painters at that era. His artwork is famous for its intensity and also its raw sexuality. For example, the paintings of naked women and the many self-portraits he produced, including naked self-portraits. The twisted body shapes and the expressive line of Egon Schiele s paintings and drawings marked him as a pioneer of Expressionism in the early 20th century. During his short life, there are a huge number of events happens, and these eventsShow MoreRelatedEssay about Egon Schieles Self-Portrait905 Words   |  4 PagesEgon Schieles Self-Portrait When I look at this portrait, the first thing that hits me is the way the artist, Egon Schiele, appears to have made himself look animated, like a cartoon. The way in which his right eye is rounded like a cartoon character and his left eye is squinting and almost shut, adds to the idea of a the portrait being a cartoon. The squinted left eye is as if he is sneaking around and evaluating his surroundings. If you cover the right side of the face (with the widely openedRead MoreThe Capital Of A Great European Empire1876 Words   |  8 Pagesoffered new content and new creation of forms, which are nevertheless too heterogeneous to be classified under one definitive formula. Architectural works of Otto Wagner and Adolf Loos introduced a streamline style in order to move away from the ornate style. In painting, the Viennese Secession produced, especially in the works of Oskar Kokoschka and Egon Schiele, a profound withdrawal from artistic traditions in its exploration of evocative themes. In the realm of creative literature, turn-of-the-centuryRead MoreEgon Schiele1268 Words   |  6 Pagesthat this is Schieles favorite model from these years: his younger sister Gertrude (Gerti), whom Schiele drew obsessively from childhood up until she broke off nude modeling at age 16. When Gerti disappeared from Schieles drawings, around 1910, he replaced her with young prostitutes and truant children — apparently, figure models were as hard to find in Vienna as gallery representation. Schiele paid these minors token sums, or let them hang out in his apartment in Vienna and later in NeulengbachRead More Art versus Pornography Essay889 Words   |  4 Pagesmind a work of art or, instead, a photograph of softcore pornography, found in such magazines as Hustler or Playboy?   Where this description is taken from will be disclosed later, but let us concern ourselves with a problem that this picture and others like it bring up for artists and pornographers alike: what differentiates art from pornography, and how can we tell the difference?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The problem unfolds itself with two simple definitions.   Webster describes art as creative work generallyRead MoreRealism : Romanticism And Modernism974 Words   |  4 PagesImpressionists, who further developed the idea of â€Å"conveying the real,† and the Symbolists, who harkened back to Romanticism’s focus on emotions and subjectivity. Additionally, the Symbolists aimed to unlock higher ideas by using symbolic structures in their works, encouraging viewers to look beyond the superficial colors, forms, and objects in the painting. Aestheticism reacted against the Symbolist idea that all objects contain meaning by creating â€Å"art for art’s sake.† To the Aestheticists, there was no suchRead MoreEssay on Graphic Novels and Comic Books: Kent Williams1386 Words   |  6 Pagesworld of comic books. From that period in mid 80s up to the present day, we refer to as the modern age of comic books. However, it has an alternate name, and one perhaps more apt, the dark age of comic books - due to groundbreaking titles such works as Batman: The Dark Knight Returns, written and pencilled Frank Miller, and Watchmen (1886), written by Alan Moore drawn by Dave Gibbons. Both books exhibited complex and layered narrative, held together by very structured nine and twelve panellingRead MoreSummary : Performance The Body 1550 Words   |  7 PagesTake-Home Exam #1 Keely Hooper Performance The Body Please answer ONE of the following questions. Be sure to refer to specific works of art and cite aspects that defend/support your statements. Since this is a take-home exam, I expect your essays to reflect the timeframe provided in their organization and structure. Make sure your paper is proofread for grammar and spelling. C. What legacies and/or contradictions do you see between the use of blood and flesh by the Viennese Actionists and LadyRead MoreBruno Bettelheim s `` Punishment Versus Discipline ``1910 Words   |  8 Pageschildren. His ideas are relevant today because they assist school and educational institution in dealing with the problem of bullying. His works allow psychologists and educators to understand the bully’s actions and the victim’s responses, thus assisting them in solving the problem of bullying.This essay summarizes and provides a deep analysis of Bettelheim’s works and ideas with the aim to explore how his ideas help schools to deal with the problem of bullying. Bettelheim’s article â€Å"Punishment VersusRead MoreVan Gogh s Life And Effect Today1819 Words   |  8 Pagesworld, your name attracts millions, dozens of films and book are created after you. But at the same time imagine your life being filled with depression and rejection for the craft that you are beloved for. Thesis Statement: Although Vincent Van Gogh’s work is recognized around the world, his life was full of depression and rejection from people and the art world, but still he impacted the style of art forever. Credibility Statement: I have always been interested in art and art history, this had lead

What is meant by financial services Free Essays

Financial services in today’s society has become more than what a high street bank can offer you from behind a counter. It has become a diverse functional area within any economically adequate society. Throughout this essay I have tried to grasp the main concepts concerning Financial Services and condense them into an essay of relatively minor proportions in comparison to the subject matter. We will write a custom essay sample on What is meant by financial services or any similar topic only for you Order Now I hope I can give you, the reader an insight into the world of financial services in all its diversity. So what is meant by â€Å"financial services†. To be honest there is no straightforward definition such is the spread of financial services across the business spectrum. We can however dam different organisation under the heading of financial services to give you an idea of what financial service intails. Financial service is understood to include â€Å"banking, insurance, building societies, stock brooking and investment services†. These are the 5 main areas described by Brian Anderton in his 1995 book â€Å"current issues in financial services†. Brian also found it difficult to pinpoint a definitive meaning and found it easier to list organisation associated. Going in to detail when concerning the institution aids in creating a further understanding of financial services yourself. Of the main financial institutions banks are the most common. Banks can be either â€Å"commercial† or â€Å"merchant†. Dealing with retail and investment respectively. Commercial banks are easily found on the high street and rely on deposits from ordinary people. There is very little interest paid to their savings accounts however savers can borrow sums of money from the banks from which the banks make profit from interest on the loan. Merchant banking is slightly more complicated when dealing with finances and in my opinion is more exciting. Merchant banks arrange finance deals and charge for this service. This investing is slightly risky and less straightforward. However the profit rewards outweigh the timescale and effort needed to invest. Investment institutions such as pensions and insurance companies again take the liquid earnings of their clients and invest them in a wide range of profit making investments. Payment to these companies often takes the form of monthly payments taken by debit from wages. These companies give clients a sense of security, and in the claim free years to come, the chance of a large windfall payment. Large investment institution deals with modern day trading, the trading of assets and debt. It is not fast companies that trade but individual people. In this hectic rat race people and institutions stand to loose and gain huge amounts of money. Due to the uncertain nature of this trade, people and institutions are extremely keen to lend as this is seen as a stable funds reclaim if it becomes necessary to do so. The textbook definition for GDP- across domestic product is the total value of all the goods and services produced by the residents in this country. The fact that the financial sector and service sectors are growing is in no doubt, neither is the quite mind blowing increase in gross domestic product from years 1952 – 1992. An overall increase of 21% of EDP from ?381m in 1952 to ?121704m in 1992 this growth is nothing less than remarkable. This forty-year spell has seen such a huge financial success in terms of the sheer man of profit gain that the reasons for FS contributing so greatly to the GDP must be assessed. In the past Britain could be seen as a true industrialist profits made and traded through visible earnings such as machinery and farm produce. However the rise in strength of nation such as the US and major Asian powers, with their seemingly endless resources has seen the death of Britain the industrial workhorse. On this level Britain could have remained at a financial and trading standstill. Not so however Britain has found its new market – the financial market. And with an educational population Britain set about resurrecting the countries profit making ability through invisible earning of finance matters. The idea of visible and invisible earnings is extremely important to Britains economy. So let me explain that apart from obvious differences between visible and invisible. How to cite What is meant by financial services, Essay examples

What is meant by financial services Free Essays

Financial services in today’s society has become more than what a high street bank can offer you from behind a counter. It has become a diverse functional area within any economically adequate society. Throughout this essay I have tried to grasp the main concepts concerning Financial Services and condense them into an essay of relatively minor proportions in comparison to the subject matter. We will write a custom essay sample on What is meant by financial services or any similar topic only for you Order Now I hope I can give you, the reader an insight into the world of financial services in all its diversity. So what is meant by â€Å"financial services†. To be honest there is no straightforward definition such is the spread of financial services across the business spectrum. We can however dam different organisation under the heading of financial services to give you an idea of what financial service intails. Financial service is understood to include â€Å"banking, insurance, building societies, stock brooking and investment services†. These are the 5 main areas described by Brian Anderton in his 1995 book â€Å"current issues in financial services†. Brian also found it difficult to pinpoint a definitive meaning and found it easier to list organisation associated. Going in to detail when concerning the institution aids in creating a further understanding of financial services yourself. Of the main financial institutions banks are the most common. Banks can be either â€Å"commercial† or â€Å"merchant†. Dealing with retail and investment respectively. Commercial banks are easily found on the high street and rely on deposits from ordinary people. There is very little interest paid to their savings accounts however savers can borrow sums of money from the banks from which the banks make profit from interest on the loan. Merchant banking is slightly more complicated when dealing with finances and in my opinion is more exciting. Merchant banks arrange finance deals and charge for this service. This investing is slightly risky and less straightforward. However the profit rewards outweigh the timescale and effort needed to invest. Investment institutions such as pensions and insurance companies again take the liquid earnings of their clients and invest them in a wide range of profit making investments. Payment to these companies often takes the form of monthly payments taken by debit from wages. These companies give clients a sense of security, and in the claim free years to come, the chance of a large windfall payment. Large investment institution deals with modern day trading, the trading of assets and debt. It is not fast companies that trade but individual people. In this hectic rat race people and institutions stand to loose and gain huge amounts of money. Due to the uncertain nature of this trade, people and institutions are extremely keen to lend as this is seen as a stable funds reclaim if it becomes necessary to do so. The textbook definition for GDP- across domestic product is the total value of all the goods and services produced by the residents in this country. The fact that the financial sector and service sectors are growing is in no doubt, neither is the quite mind blowing increase in gross domestic product from years 1952 – 1992. An overall increase of 21% of EDP from ?381m in 1952 to ?121704m in 1992 this growth is nothing less than remarkable. This forty-year spell has seen such a huge financial success in terms of the sheer man of profit gain that the reasons for FS contributing so greatly to the GDP must be assessed. In the past Britain could be seen as a true industrialist profits made and traded through visible earnings such as machinery and farm produce. However the rise in strength of nation such as the US and major Asian powers, with their seemingly endless resources has seen the death of Britain the industrial workhorse. On this level Britain could have remained at a financial and trading standstill. Not so however Britain has found its new market – the financial market. And with an educational population Britain set about resurrecting the countries profit making ability through invisible earning of finance matters. The idea of visible and invisible earnings is extremely important to Britains economy. So let me explain that apart from obvious differences between visible and invisible. How to cite What is meant by financial services, Essay examples

The Psychological and Physiological Effects free essay sample

The Psychological and Physiological Effects of Color in Health Care Environments General design objectives, sensory stimulation, visual perceptions, fatigue, color consonance and compensation, color associations, as well as, the psychological and physiological effects of color are extremely important considerations in healthcare design. I believe that as designers it is very difficult to veer away from the aesthetics of a particular environment when doing a presentation because it has, up to this point, been the major focus of our concentration. We want to make sure that the space, above all else, is visually pleasing. As designers we must, however, realize that our first objective is to do the research for the best possible color scheme both physically, emotionally and physiologically for our clients. We will write a custom essay sample on The Psychological and Physiological Effects or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Realizing that we are not designing a space for ourselves, as we are able to leave that space after the project is completed. The programming phase is truly the most important aspect of obtaining the best possible plan for our clients. We need to talk with our clients and asking important questions to know how they feel about certain colors, and secondly understanding the required function of that space. We then need to analyze the space at different times of day to determine how the lighting affects the areas we have been contracted to design. After we have done the required research and investigations then we should implement and meet all the necessary code compliances necessary to make the space as physically safe as it is visually pleasing. In order to choose proper color schemes for healthcare environments it is important to first understand how and why we respond to color in certain ways, as well as, how particular colors affect us psychological and physiological. Our response to color is inherited and learned but is also affected by geographic, region, climate, income and sophistication, as well as, the particular light source that is present. Your endocrine system reacts a certain way to a color because of the neurotransmitters you inherited from your parents. When you see a color, it registers in your brain and your brain sends out a chemical messenger for a certain hormonal response from the appropriate endocrine gland. An endocrine gland manufactures one or more hormones and secretes them directly into the blood stream. The endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands; the ovaries and testis; the placenta; and part of the pancreas. Endocrine glands react to colors as acknowledged by your brain. For instance, red is exciting to the human brain; therefore, neurotransmitters stimulate the adrenal glands to pump adrenaline into the body. As you grow from your lifes experiences, you tend to choose new color preferences. People and events from your past can cause you to like and dislike certain colors in the present. For example, a favorite grade school teachers blue dress can stimulate an appreciation for blue in your adulthood. Yet, an intense dislike for that teacher might cause you to turn off to blue. In adulthood, you tend to respond to stimuli the way that you were conditioned in childhood. The native colors of a geographic area you like can become your preferred colors. For instance, green could be your favorite color if a rainforest with its lush foliage is a place that helps you feel at ease mentally, spiritually and physically . Cultural attitudes towards specific colors can vary in different regions. All economic groups use status indicators, and color seems to be one of the most important. How you combine colors subtly reflects the class of people you associate with. The quality and properties of light can cause you to experience the same color differently when the light source changes. Each season of the year has its own characteristic temperature range and ratio of daylight to darkness. Any Alaskan can tell you about the seasonal depression that tends to come with winter and its daily shortness of light and color. Daylighting and different types of lamp styles will often greatly affect the appearance of the resulting color that we see. It is important to note that it is VERY difficult to change a client’s mind when you have presented a plan that in fact will not aesthetically look like you proposed, because the lighting will not allow the effect to be achieved. It is also important to use the principles of light reflectance of surface colors, visual limitations, artificial and natural lighting as it relates to selections.

Top 10 Hardest Working Cities in America -The JobNetwork

Top 10 Hardest Working Cities in America -The JobNetwork As a rule, Americans are a pretty hard-working bunch. After all, we’ve mythologized â€Å"the American Dream† as the reward for a lifetime of working hard and achieving a form of nirvana. We have a 34.4-hour work week, on average (in your face, Germany!), and are often terrible about taking our vacation days. Whether it’s working extra hours to make ends meet or to stay ahead of the workload, we put in our time. So what are the hardest-working hotspots in the U.S.? It’s a big country, and not every city is the same when it comes to working culture and time spent at work. This year, WalletHub has taken a close look at the work habits in 116 U.S. cities, and ranked them based on a number of factors like labor force participation rate, average work hours, and the number of workers with multiple jobs. Based on their findings, you may want to consider picking up stakes and moving to one of these metropolises for your own career. Let’s look at some of the ir hardest working cities, and the hottest industries in these moving-and-shaking cities.Anchorage, AKIf you’re a mainlander, Alaska might not even be on your radar for potential job opportunities and a strong working culture. With 42% of Alaska’s population and 47% of the state’s jobs, Anchorage is a bustling city with a strong presence in job sectors like the military (there are three bases located near the city), transportation, oil and natural gas, and tourism.Spotlight Industry: LogisticsAnchorage has become a major transportation hub, particularly in the shipping industry. FedEx in particular has set up shop in Anchorage, and considers it a major touchpoint for its global shipping program. The Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport accounts for 10% of Anchorage’s jobs, and sees more than 500 intercontinental cargo flights every week. Additionally, the port at Anchorage is responsible for more than 90% of the consumer goods that go in and out of Alaska. If you’re looking for opportunities in the logistics field, think north!More jobs in Anchorage, AKPlano, TX and Irving, TXFar from the rugged Texas ranch image, Plano and Irving are thoroughly modern cities perhaps best known as a headquarters hub: companies like Frito-Lay, J.C. Penney, Pizza Hut, Capital One, Toyota North America, and Cinemark Theaters all call Plano or Irving home.Spotlight Industry: IT/TechnologyAmong its many corporate headquarters, Plano counts many of the major tech and telecommunications companies:Hewlitt-Packard Enterprise ServicesVerizonAlcatel-LucentEricssonDellInfosys TechnologiesSiemens PLM SoftwareGearbox SoftwareCA TechnologiesAegis CommunicationsNokiaEven if you don’t have a background in IT, these corporate headquarters also offer opportunities for people in different areas, like office administration, human resources, communications, etc.More jobs in Plano, TXMore Jobs in Irving, TXCheyenne, WYAs the capital and most populous city in Wyoming, Cheyenne is one of the smaller cities on the list, at just under 60,000 people per the 2010 census. But what it lacks in population, it makes up for in opportunity. This city has a low overall unemployment rate, and is diversifying beyond the agriculture and mining that have always been part of Wyoming’s fabric. As it grows and changes, the city has also been rated the â€Å"tax-friendliest U.S. city† by Kiplinger’s.Spotlight Industry: ManufacturingWhile manufacturing jobs are on the decline in many parts of the country, it continues to grow in Cheyenne. Fertilizer manufacturing, electronics, precision instruments, and restaurant equipment are among the plants that have established roots in the capital city, and the trend continues as companies look for new cities to concentrate their stateside manufacturing programs.More jobs in Cheyenne, WYVirginia Beach, VAWhile the â€Å"beach† part of the name accurately describes the coastal benefit s of Virginia Beach, this city is hardly a sleepy beachside hamlet. Virginia Beach is the most populous city in the commonwealth of Virginia, and the 41st most populous city in the country. Tourism is indeed a major factor in the local economy, but it is also a major port for the U.S. military, as well as a hub for agribusiness. Virginia Beach was rated in the top 50 in a recent Forbes survey of the best places for business and careers.Spotlight Industry: U.S. MilitaryVirginia Beach is home to three major military bases, with a fourth just outside city limits: the U.S. Navy’s NAS Oceana, the Training Support Center Hampton Roads, the Joint Expeditionary Base East located at Cape Henry, and the Joint Expeditionary Base–Little Creek. If you’re not interested in enlisting in the Navy, no worries- these bases employ thousands of civilian employees in support roles as well.More jobs in Virginia Beach, VAScottsdale, AZOnce described by the New York Times as â€Å"a d esert version of Miami’s South Beach,† Scottsdale is a vibrant Western city that has become a major destination for travelers looking for year-round sun and dry warmth.Spotlight Industry: TourismIn Scottsdale, tourism accounts for 39% of the city’s jobs, with about 7.5 million people visiting the city every year and bringing many millions in revenue. Scottsdale features more than 70 resorts and hotels, with 15,000 rooms. Career opportunities also flourish at other tourism-related businesses like spas, golf courses, retail stores, and restaurants.More jobs in Scottsdale, AZSan Francisco, CARight next door to Silicon Valley, San Francisco is considered the commercial and cultural center of northern California. The city scored high on WalletHub’s â€Å"direct work factors† section, meaning that work week hours and labor-force participation were both high. The long work weeks are likely driven by the innovative startup culture that has emerged in San Fr ancisco, which often values hustle over traditional professional structures.Spotlight industry: TechIt’s virtually impossible to talk about San Francisco these days without talking about its evolving tech industry, which has helped change the professional profile of the city. San Francisco is a highly diverse city, an American leader in many industries (including service/tourism, financial services, and higher education). But in recent years, the trend has moved into the tech sector, with biotech and high tech companies like Apple, Google moving in nearby.More jobs in SanFrancisco, CACorpus Christi, TXAnother Texas entry on the list (there seems to be a definite theme here!), Corpus Christi is located in the Gulf region of Texas, bringing a different culture and commercial profile to the list than Irving and Plano. As the deepest inshore port on the Gulf of Mexico, Corpus Christi has thriving oil/petrochemical and transportation industries, in addition to being a tourist dest ination.Spotlight Industry: Petrochemical Manufacturing and TransportCorpus Christi is in the midst of a â€Å"petrochemical boom,† meaning the city has become a major supplier for products created by refining petroleum and natural gas. The city’s oil refineries and petrochemical plants are at the forefront of providing chemical products to China and other developed countries around the world, with billions of dollars in development projects coming to the region by 2023.More jobs in Corpus Christi, TXWashington, D.C.Jokes about Congress aside, Washington, D.C. received high-marks in WalletHub’s survey of the hardest-working cities. As the U.S. capital, it’s tops in the presidential monument game, but also a large, diverse city that serves as a hub for a number of industries, in the public, private, and international sectors.Spotlight Industry: Civil ServiceIn Washington, DC the federal government is the largest employer, accounting for 29% of the cityâ₠¬â„¢s jobs as of 2012. Much of this is based on the sheer number of federal agencies that call the city home, but is also due to the fact that federal government jobs are often insulated from economic downturns that sometimes hit other cities (the government needs to keep running, regardless of external factors). The federal agencies also employ thousands of contractors, subsidiary businesses, and support businesses to keep things running smoothly. (Again, jokes about Congress aside.)More jobs in Washington, D.C.Sioux Falls, SDSioux Falls is one of the fastest-growing cities in the United States (47th), and is definitively the fastest-growing city in South Dakota. Historically, mining and agriculture made up the backbone of the city’s economy, but in the 20th and 21st centuries, the city’s economic interests have diversified thanks to the state’s lack of corporate income tax.Spotlight Industry: Financial ServicesWhen you think of financial services, you might th ink of generic skyscraper buildings in large cities, processing data and crunching numbers. The reality is that many financial services companies seek out less crowded cities like Sioux Falls, which are off the beaten path. The city’s largest employers are major financial players Wells Fargo and Citigroup, making Sioux Falls a major destination for workers with backgrounds in accounting, actuarial science, or finance, as well as people looking for administrative work in a growing metropolitan area.While hard workers are (of course) found in every town and city in the country, this survey offers some valuable insight into which cities and regions are leading the way as we look for growth and innovation in the world’s largest economy. Where will you be looking for your next hard-working opportunity?More jobs in Sioux Falls, SD

E.B. Whites Drafts of Once More to the Lake

E.B. White's Drafts of 'Once More to the Lake' At the start of every fall term, countless students are asked to write an essay on what must be the most uninspired composition topic of all time: How I Spent My Summer Vacation. Still, its remarkable what a good writer can do with such a seemingly dull subjectthough it may take a bit longer than usual to complete the assignment. In this case, the good writer was E.B. White, and the essay that took more than a quarter century to complete was Once More to the Lake. First Draft: Pamphlet on Belgrade Lake (1914) Back in 1914, shortly before his 15th birthday, Elwyn White responded to this familiar topic with uncommon enthusiasm. It was a subject the boy knew well and an experience that he fiercely enjoyed. Every August for the past decade, Whites father had taken the family to the same camp on Belgrade Lake in Maine. In a self-designed pamphlet, complete with sketches and photos, young Elwyn began his report clearly and conventionally This wonderful lake is five miles wide, and about ten miles long, with many coves, points and islands. It is one of a series of lakes, which are connected with each other by little streams. One of these streams is several miles long and deep enough so that it affords an opportunity for a fine all-day canoe trip. . . .The lake is large enough to make the conditions ideal for all kinds of small boats. The bathing also is a feature, for the days grow very warm at noon time and make a good swim feel fine. (reprinted in Scott Elledge, ​E.B. White: A Biography. Norton, 1984) Second Draft: Letter to Stanley Hart White (1936) In the summer of 1936, E. B. White, by then a popular writer for The New Yorker magazine, made a return visit to this childhood vacation spot. While there, he wrote a long letter to his brother Stanley, vividly describing the sights, sounds, and smells of the lake. Here are a few excerpts: The lake hangs clear and still at dawn, and the sound of a cowbell comes softly from a faraway woodlot. In the shallows along shore the pebbles and driftwood show clear and smooth on bottom, and black water bugs dart, spreading a wake and a shadow. A fish rises quickly in the lily pads with a little plop, and a broad ring widens to eternity. The water in the basin is icy before breakfast, and cuts sharply into your nose and ears and makes your face blue as you wash. But the boards of the dock are already hot in the sun, and there are doughnuts for breakfast and the smell is there, the faintly rancid smell that hangs around Maine kitchens. Sometimes there is little wind all day, and on still hot afternoons the sound of a motorboat comes drifting five miles from the other shore, and the droning lake becomes articulate, like a hot field. A crow calls, fearfully and far. If a night breeze springs up, you are aware of a restless noise along the shore, and for a few minutes before you fall asleep you hear the intimate talk between fresh-water waves and rocks that lie below bending birches. The insides of your camp are hung with pictures cut from magazines, and the camp smells of lumber and damp. Things dont change much. . . .(Letters of E.B. White, edited by Dorothy Lobrano Guth. Harper Row, 1976) Final Revision: Once More to the Lake (1941) White made the return journey in 1936 on his own, in part to commemorate his parents, both of whom had recently died. When he next made the trip to Belgrade Lake, in 1941, he took along his son Joel. White recorded that experience in what has become one of the best-known and most frequently anthologized essays of the past century, Once More to the Lake: We went fishing the first morning. I felt the same damp moss covering the worms in the bait can, and saw the dragonfly alight on the tip of my rod as it hovered a few inches from the surface of the water. It was the arrival of this fly that convinced me beyond any doubt that everything was as it always had been, that the years were a mirage and there had been no years. The small waves were the same, chucking the rowboat under the chin as we fished at anchor, and the boat was the same boat, the same color green and the ribs broken in the same places, and under the floor-boards the same fresh-water leavings and debristhe dead hellgrammite, the wisps of moss, the rusty discarded fishhook, the dried blood from yesterdays catch. We stared silently at the tips of our rods, at the dragonflies that came and went. I lowered the tip of mine into the water, pensively dislodging the fly, which darted two feet away, poised, darted two feet back, and came to rest again a little farther up the rod. There had been no years between the ducking of this dragonfly and the other onethe one that was part of memory. . . . (Harpers, 1941; reprinted in One Mans Meat. Tilbury House Publishers, 1997) Certain details from Whites 1936 letter reappear in his 1941 essay: damp moss, birch beer, the smell of lumber, the sound of outboard motors. In his letter, White insisted that things dont change much, and in his essay, we hear the refrain, There had been no years. But in both texts, we sense that the author was working hard to sustain an illusion. A joke may be deathless, the lake may be fade-proof, and summer may seem to be without end. Yet as White makes clear in the concluding image of Once More to the Lake, only the pattern of life is indelible: When the others went swimming my son said he was going in too. He pulled his dripping trunks from the line where they had hung all through the shower, and wrung them out. Languidly, and with no thought of going in, I watched him, his hard little body, skinny and bare, saw him wince slightly as he pulled up around his vitals the small, soggy, icy garment. As he buckled the swollen belt, suddenly my groin felt the chill of death. To spend almost 30 years composing an essay is exceptional. But then, you have to admit, so is Once More to the Lake. Postscript (1981) According to Scott Elledge in E.B. White: A Biography, on July 11, 1981, to celebrate his eighty-first birthday, White lashed a canoe to the top of his car and drove to the same Belgrade lake where, seventy years before, he had received a green old town canoe from his father, a gift for his eleventh birthday.

NURSING RESEARCH CRITIQUE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Assignment

NURSING RESEARCH CRITIQUE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH - Assignment Example The method was not well described, but it is a good method because it focuses on fully understanding the everyday experiences, of the nurses, the relatives and the patients while in ICU. 5. Ethical aspects were considered. The participants were informed of what they would be going through, and they signed a consent form. Besides, the research was approved by the institutional review board at a recognized university and the hospital where the research was done. 6. Participants included five nurses, five patients and five family members. The researcher describes the criteria for choosing the participants, for example, the patients should be mentally stable, and the nurses were experienced, fully qualified and registered. The purposeful sampling strategy was used. However, we are not told how the sample size was determined. 8. The researcher describes the process of collecting and recording the data. Data was collected through audiotaped interviews. The second interview was done four days after the first to clarify the data. The researcher stopped collecting the data when data saturation was achieved. There were no biases in data collection since all the participants were treated the same way. 9. A professional transcriptionist transcribed the taped interviews, and the data was then analyzed by Van Manen’s selective, holistic and detailed line-by-line approach. The researcher put him/herself in the shoes of the participant for better understanding. So as to understand the participants experiences, theme analysis was done through triangulation of the data obtained from the three categories. The method of analysis used is fit for such qualitative research. 10. From the research, it was found that nurses view both the patient and the relatives as a family. Nurses were regarded as part of the family too. Nurses suggested that it was important for relatives to be with the patient most of the time for spiritual and psychological

The Creation of Modern Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

The Creation of Modern Capitalism - Essay Example We are now in the early stages of such a revolution, the transformation toward sustainable development. Most large corporations developed in an era of abundant raw materials, cheap energy, and limitless sinks for waste disposal. While successful in reestablishing the legitimacy of an industry under tremendous public pressure, Responsible Care has failed to address the fundamental underlying problems associated with the chemical industry; many of its products and processes are highly toxic, resource intensive, and continue to place enormous pressures on air and water resources. (Abernathy, 1978, 41) As the corporation ages, the bureaucracy begins to settle in. Passions cool and are replaced by "rational decision making," often simply the codification of what has worked in the past. Data are gathered, analysis is performed, alternatives are postulated, and scenarios are developed. Attempts are made to avoid the game of information sculpting. Only when rational decision making is in vogue does all the relevant information flow to the right decision maker, at the right time, and in the right form to be easily analyzed and interpreted. Rational decision making is triumphant, at least for a while. This stage is often pictured as the normal state of the corporation, although in our experience, particularly as the pace of change increases, rarely does this ideal state accurately describe how the company actually operates. Eventually, rational decision making reveals that the future potential of the business is limited. Often, at this point, threatened by the prospect of a bleak future, the corporation falls back on defensive routines to protect the organization from its fate, just as defensive emotions emerge in our lives when we sense impending trauma. Management now sees the future filled more with trouble than with promise. Decisions are made to protect existing businesses. The fear of discarding the old for the new (product cannibalization), the fear of channel conflict, and the fear of earnings dilution through acquisition paralyze acts of creative destruction and often effectively shield the corporation from the perception of future trouble--as well as the need to act--for a long time. Cultural lock-in is established, thwarting the emergence of a leader or team that might save the day. The causes of cultural lock-in Why does cultural lock-in occur The heart of the problem is the formation of hidden sets of rules, or mental models, that once formed are extremely difficult to change. Mental models are the core concepts of the corporation, the beliefs and assumptions, the cause-and-effect relationships, the guidelines for interpreting language and signals, the stories repeated within the corporate walls. Charlie Munger, a longtime friend of and co-investor with Warren Buffett and vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, calls mental models the "theoretical frameworks that help investors better understand the world." Mental models are invisible in the corporation. They are neither explicit nor

The Cola Wars: Pepsi vs Coke Essay -- Pepsi-Cola and Coca-Cola

The Cola Wars: Pepsi vs Coke   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PepsiCo. Incorporated and The Coca-Cola Company are the two largest and oldest archrivals in the carbonated soft drink (CSD) industry. Coca-Cola was invented and first marketed in 1886, followed by Pepsi Cola in 1898. Coca-Cola was named after the coca leaves and kola nuts John Pemberton used to make it, and Pepsi Cola after the beneficial effects its creator, Caleb Bradham, claimed it had on dyspepsia. The rivalry between the soda giants, also known as the "Cola Wars", began in the 1960’s when Coca-Cola's dominance was being increasingly challenged by Pepsi Cola. The competitive environment between the rivals was intense and well-publicized, forcing both companies to continuously establish and implement strategic variations as a means to create a competitive advantage. The competition fostered and stimulated continuing growth in an industry which many predicted in the early 1970’s to be on the verge of maturity. Reasons for the prediction arose from the fact that further growth of per capita consumption of soft drinks is fairly static regarding how much people are able to consume on a daily basis. Furthermore, both Pepsi Cola and Coca-Cola offered a limited number of products that "looked the same, tasted the same, and bubble into foam the same", thus questioning whether further substantial growth in sales was possible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pepsi Cola and Coca-Cola’s marketing strategies have been as indistinguishable as the products themselves. Relying on colorful images, lively words, beautiful people, interesting bottle designs, and contagious jingles, Pepsi and Coke propelled their respective products into the American and international mainstream. The changing faces of Pepsi and Coke’s management, however, facilitated the brand image according to their own style and what they saw as an advantageous competitive approach. This style and approach is what makes Pepsi-Cola and Coca-Cola distinguishable. The objective of Coca-Cola’s advertisements was to strategically position their product in people’s mind in order to maximize its acceptance. This strategy would in some way or another have a correlation to the changing social values of the period. â€Å"Trying to keep step with each generation and era has been an important factor in advertising for Coke. It strives not to be too far behind or too far ahead of its time; the product has ... ... strategies in order to increase their sales growth. The rivalry between the two soda giants required new strategies to be continuously implemented. The new strategies devised by Pepsi and Coke to deal with the changing environment could not have been effectively implemented without changing their distribution system from networks of independent bottlers to company-owned bottling systems. This transformation has been essential to both companies' introduction of new products and new forms of pricing, promotion, and advertising. The U.S. Department of Justice has brought many price-fixing cases against CSD bottlers, the vast majority of which led to guilty pleas. The FTC has conducted many investigations in the CSD industry, including investigations of horizontal and vertical acquisitions in the industry. Sources Cited 1. Enrico, Roger & Kornbluth, Jesse: (1986).The Other Guy Blinked. New York: The Free Press. 2. "Coke v Pepsi", The Economist, January 29, 1994, pp. 67-68. 3. http://www.pepsi.com 4. http://www.coca-cola/home1.com 5. PepsiCo. Inc. Annual Report Issued to Common Stock Shareholders 6. The Coca-Cola Company Annual Report Issued to Common Stock Shareholders

Autistic

A.) Autism is prevalent in the United States. The disorder is probably most famous for the cognitive greatness that is entirely unique to this kind of disorder. However, this is only an inherent in autistic savants, which is a much rarer form of autism. Autistic savants often have incredible abilities in the mathematics and science fields. For example, an autistic savant named Temple Grandin built her own machine to help her cope with her avoidance of human contact. Besides unique intelligence, autistic individuals are virtually emotionless and often have trouble forming attachments to others. Social interaction abnormalities preclude the formation of relationships partly because a simple touch – hug, pat, handshake – are rejected because of hyper arousal. Autistic children cannot stand to be touched; a simple hug from a parent or friend might send the child into a screaming fit. B.) As a parent of a child with autism, the worst part of the illness would be the inability to hug the child. Parents can never kiss or hug their children, which is an essential part of showing affection and love. Also, the intellectual incapacities of autism are devastating. C.) In the research study conducted by John Ratey in his book A User’s Guide to the Brain, Ratey found that autistic individuals are actually the key to scientific and mathematical progress. His studies are based on the progress of Temple Grandin, who was successful in measuring her own social abnormalities and building machines to teach herself how to interact ‘normally’ with others. D.) I enjoyed the doctor’s article. After reading about Temple’s charting and statistical readings and the production on her own ‘hugging’ machine so she could practice being hugged again, the progress of science and mathematics can indeed be greatly helped by autistic savants. E.) How long will it be before Temple Grandin’s machines are mass produced to help all autistic children? Can autism be avoided in the future through genetic engineering technology? Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder A.) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is becoming more prevalent amongst children adolescents in each passing year. Intellectually this disorder has no influence upon perception or cognitive functions directly. However, the inability to sit still or focus on an assignment or a book can hinder progress in different academic subjects. Socially, ADHD sufferers are usually overly-talkative and constantly moving around – pacing, making broad, abnormal gestures while speaking, etc.. As a result, awkwardness, incessant loquacity, and hyper behavior can cause deter others. Emotionally, it is difficult for affected individuals to form long-lasting relationships because of the aforementioned social difficulties. B.) As a parent, the most difficult aspect of this illness would be watching the child struggle with his studies. Frustration is common in ADHD children because they are usually interested in several things at once, making it nearly impossible to concentrate. Of course, there are pharmaceuticals that can lessen these symptoms – the most famous being Ritalin. Medicinal treatment is very successful, but it can also be quite devastating to the parent to realize his child is going to have to take pills to function properly for the entirety of his life. Bibliography Ratey, John J.. A User’s Guide to the Brain. New York: Pantheon Books. 2001 Steward, Herbert. Mental Illnesses and the Future of Medicine. New York: Pocket Books. 2004 Â  

Graduate Study Challenge Paper - 1128 Words

Graduate Study Challenges and Strategies for Success Twenty one years ago I started my nursing profession, which I do not regret any minute of it. Today I found myself back to college embarking a new journey pursuing MSN degree with much excitement and many challenges. In order to be successful in graduate study, I have to come up with strategies to overcome the anticipated challenges. The three main obstacles I face that would affect my study are writing, time management, and stress. Reason Health care industry has been evolved immensely over the past 10 to 15 years. When I graduated as a nurse 18 years ago, regular diploma or bachelor’s degree was what required. Health care professionals could advance career with clinical†¦show more content†¦Adequate respite between the study time will help building up the memory synapse and facilitate memorization. Without cramping all the stuff together will reduce the stress build up. Another important way to manage my stress is to get good quality sleep. During State three and four deep sleep, the stress response is turned off. It is not so much of quantity of sleep, but the quality of sleep that counts. Communication â€Å"Communication is a deal maker or a breaker. Using the right words; at the right time; at the right place; with a right person play a vital role in building or ruining relationships†. (Iyengar, 2012) There are some specifics about graduate study communications. Strengths. The online program provided by UOPX is uniquely designed for working adults who want to pursue higher education. The flexible scheduling allows me to take class anywhere at my own convenience. I have the access to class material and discussion at my fingertip 24/7. I can exchange ideas with other students anytime we want. There is no restraint in space and time. The whole geographic limitation is eliminated. Students coming from different states even from different countries can meet in the forums achieving common academic goal. Weaknesses. The virtual reality classroom is created for all the classmates to interact. However, the weakness for this mode of communication is the lack of face-to-face personal interaction. Online-based courses facilitate theShow MoreRelatedGraduate Study Challenges and Strategies and Strategies for Personal Success1009 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Graduate Study Challenges and Strategies for Personal Success University of Phoenix Introduction to Graduate Studies in Health Science / Nursing HCS/504 03/3/2014 Instructor: Michelle Dorin By Gwendoria Buckles Graduate Study Challenges and Strategies for Personal Success Keeping your eyes on your personal goals and professional goals is key to staying focused and obtaining them in a timely fashion. 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