English Sonnet Definition Essay Example

English Sonnet Definition Essay allusion reference to a person, place, even, thing that is known from science, religion, history, myth, culture. apostrophe a figure of speech in which the speaker addresses an absent or dead person or even an abstract quality or non-human as if it were present and able to respond. Metaphysical poets term applied to poets like Donne or Herbert and other 17th century poets who wrote in a deliberately difficult and abstract style. conceit an elaborate figure of speech that makes a surprising connection between two seemingly dissimilar things. metaphysical conceit a particularly startling conceit. incongruity lack of agreement, consistency, harmony. paradox a statement that seems to contradict experience but which may actually be true. wit a quality in speech or writing that combines verbal cleverness with deep insight. Lyric Poetry poem, often short, that has the form and musical quality of song; it is characterized by the song-like outpouring of the poets thoughts and feelings. Cavalier Poets characterized by; wit, short lines, precise language, charm, main themes; love, honor and time. Petrarchan abba abba cde cde rhyme scheme. (octet and sestet). Octave first eight lines of a sonnet. Sestet last six lines of a sonnet. Volta (turn) the turning point in the sonnet. (usually between the octet and sestet or between the last quatrain and the couplet). Shakespearean abab cdcd efef gg rhyme scheme. (4 quatrains and a couplet). Quatrain a four line unit in a sonnet. Couplet sums up or comments on the previous 12 lines of the sonnet. Sonnet a verse form consisting of 14 lines with a fixed rhyme scheme. Carpe Diem seize the day can be emphasized in poem.

Village by the Sea Essays

Village by the Sea Essays Village by the Sea Essay Village by the Sea Essay their hut the only hut in the village were you can hardly see any smoke to be curling up from under the cocking pot. Nevertheless, he was thinking of something bigger. He is having a dream in mind which is to change the course of his life, he is having this stamina to work all day long in order to survive. On hearing about the construction of a new factory, Hari became hopeful that this could bring him luck. He dreamt of working in this factory although he doesnt have the skill to join it. However, he insisted on working saying A job, a factory, many jobs, many factories, jobs factories. All what he was thinking of is Could he work in a factory and earn money. Hari suffers from poverty, misery and need. There was nothing to eat with the chapattis but a pinch of salt and few green chilies Lila had picked from a bush near her hut. He couldnt afford to buy his sisters sweets as he has no money. This feeling towards his reckless father is quite obvious May be a poisonous snake will bite him, then he would die he said it with hope, as he believes that his father is absolutely responsible for this kind of life he and his sisters are living in, He doesnt look after us,Hari said spitting out the end of a very sharp chapatti, we look after ourselves, dont we? He wishes to leave the village one day, he regards it as a prison that ties him, he never hides his feeling towards his village or his life saying When he thought of all his troubles, his drunken father, Mr. De Silvas insult, the lake of work and money. Hari wished he too could soar up into the sky and disappear instead of being tied to the earth here. Hari dreamt of escaping from Thul. He has tried every possible opportunity there, he worked as a farmer, fisherman, coconut collector, and much more, he even served Mr. De Silva for few pennies. That sense of despair which overwhelmed Hari, never allowed him to feel the blessings that he has, this feeling which he started to realize after going to Bombay. Hari regarded Bombay as a land of dreams. He thought that his dreams could be attained there. When he was talking to the watchman, he was enthralled by this city, city of lights and gleams. He wanted to run away thinking that he may change his fortune there. Hari thought of Bombay as an outlet, everything he wishes for could be accomplished He would have to go to Bombay. Bombay was a great city, a rich city, a city crowded with people who had jobs, earned money and made fortunes.He had to get there somehow.How? . Bombay to him was a shun from his desolation Debt, debt, debt, father always in debts because of toddy. He would get away, He would go to Rewas, to Bombay, and never come back to this sad house, his frightened sisters, his ill mother He could leave them and run, run as far away as he could go. Nevertheless, when he reached Bombay, all these aspirations were shattered, Hari was devastated to discover that the streets of Bombay are not paved with gold as he had anticipated. He comes to know that Bombay is not a white castle made of sand, or salt, blinding against the hot blue sky. On closer inspection, he now sees it as a dirty, smelly and noisy as if the traffic in the world had met on the streets of Bombay hooting and screeching and grinding and roaring past. Hari has to walk slowly and carefully down to pavement to avoid all the filth that was scattered on it, it is in piles Haris experience in Bombay made him realize how he ungratefully undermined his village and his family. He now comes to know how valuable theyre. He acknowledged that although he works and earns money that could provide him a worthy living, yet he now becomes confident that he cannot stay in this place for good. His nostalgia for his home and his village gave him the power to work harder in order to ensure a better living for his family. Moreover, he is now confident that he would go someday to Thul. Hari finds himself struggling more in Bombay He would had fallen ill from lack of sleep if he hadnt one night got up and gone to sit on the pavement because it was a degree cooler..than the eating house.He was disappointed to find that he is living among the orphans in Mr. Jagus restaurant and feels now blessed that he is having a family who as he said one was a drunkard and the other an invalid-and a home , a proper home not just a place on a railway platform. However, the hardships that faced Hari in Bombay never thwarted him, on the contrary it strengthened and encouraged him to be better as well as showed his persistent nature as a man. His journey to Bombay was indispensable , it has revealed so many facts for him ,among which is the importance of having a family not just a close family bu t a bigger family presented in Thul itself, the only place which he felt could embrace him and endure him. Haris feeling of belonging never flourished except in Bombay, he realized that he cant live neither without his sisters and father and mother ,nor without the villagers or the nature who were true companions to him He thought of the sails one saw along the horizon, lights of the boats by night He thought of the crows picking up the crabsand gulls swooping along.the herons standing stock still on a stone .How he longed for them all. Its this place that he belongs to not the city as he discovered that he doesnt want to be a city boy. Hari now is a mature boy, a capable one, a boy who can change circumstances around him in order to live. He knows now that he cant soar up into the sky because we are here on earth ,we cant leave it. We must live here somewhere. He is now able to cope with his new life and find himself a way out of poverty and starvation , he is as Mr. Sayyid Ali has described him You are going to give up your traditional way of living and learn a new way to suit the new environment that the factory will create at Thul so as to survive. Yes, you will survive. This is true, Hari has learned how to survive and the credit is given to this journey and the people whom he met Mr. Panwallah and Jagu who taught him how to be practical and ambitious as well as confident. Finally, Anita Desai managed to create a fabulous picture of a devastated boy who has succeeded due to his strong will and determination to conquer the toughest possible situations and to get not only one but two jobs and many friends.

Insanity and Diminished Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Insanity and Diminished Responsibility - Essay Example abnormality of the mind ( R v Byrne ); drug personality disorder (Celebici Trial); involuntary intoxication ( R v Galbraith) ; mental weakness and low intelligence ( Lord Dea's decision ) ; minority ( R v Raven ); physical deformities such as blindness and being a deaf-mute ( R v Pritchard). In the treatise "Partial Defences To Murder" more mitigating factors are added i.e. sufficient provocation by the offended party ( R v Smith ); immediate vindication of a grave offence to himself or his relatives (Table 7); Incomplete self-defence where there is no reasonable necessity of the means employed by the culprit (R v Martin); passion or obfuscation (Case 113); disease or injury (Note 17); jealousy, mercy killing, depression, relationship of victim to the accused (Table 7). The list goes on and on. Insanity is a plea or defence by which the accused at the time of the commission of the act, "was laboring under such a defect of reason, arising from a disease of the mind, as not to know the nature and quality of the act he was doing or, if he did know it, that he did not know that what he was doing was wrong (The M'Naghten Rules). Insanity totally exempts the culprit from criminal liability unless he does it during a lucid interval. If so, he is wholly liable for the crime unless there are mitigating factors attending the crime. Diminished Respons... 2 Diminished Responsibility is defined as a plea or defence in which the accused at the moment of the commission of the crime suffers from some "form of mental unsoundness or mental aberration or weakness of mind", so much so that his "mind is so affected that responsibility is diminished from full responsibility to partial responsibility" ( HM Advocate v Savage). Comparison and Contrast 1. Both insanity and diminished responsibility are mental states. In insanity, there is a mental disorder or a mental disease which causes the deranged person to be deprived completely of reason, discernment or freedom of the will at the time of the commission of the crime. In insanity, there is an absence in the agent of crime of any of all the conditions that would make an act voluntary. On the other hand, in diminished responsibility, there is a mental debility or aberration of the mind or a temporary mental capacity or a temporary mental impairment (Scottish Law Commission 2). Here, there is some degree of reason, discernment or freedom of the will albeit such is beclouded and weakened by the presence of any of the mitigating factors hereinabove mentioned. 2. Insanity totally exempts the offender from criminal liability because the insane person is totally deprived , at the time of the performance of the crime, of discernment or reason or intelligence and is unable to distinguish between right or wrong. In diminished responsibility, as a rule, there is no exemption from criminal liability but there is instead a mitigation or extenuation of criminal responsibility

Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Economics - Assignment Example With customs preference agreement, countries that sign the agreement are assured of preferential customs levels unlike countries that are not part of the agreement. Under an economic union, economic policies are integrated for member countries. This means that members of an economic union enjoy the same trade policies as well as unified economic regulations and policies. A common market takes a customs union a step further to account for eliminated barriers when it comes to the movement of factors of production. Finally, political integration combines most or all of the above discussed trade agreements. Jagdish Bhagwati supports free trade agreements and subsequently connects them to the welfare of the society. He argues that free trade agreements translate to better living standards unlike trade barriers, restrictions, or sanctions. Moreover, Jagdish Bhagwati contends that social and environmental issues are better addressed through free trade agreements. In other words, Jagdish Bhagwati supports the concept and practice of free trade agreements in almost every aspect of the contemporary global

The Guardian Building, Detroit, Michigan Research Paper

The Guardian Building, Detroit, Michigan - Research Paper Example Detroit is credited with the best paintings and the best painters like Graham Beal, Julie Mehretu and Jane Hammond. In Detroit, the Detroit Institute of Arts also has a wide collection of paintings which hail from all corners of the world consequently making Detroit an art attraction city. It is reported that Detroit owns more than 100 art galleries which showcase the talent and creativity of the people of Detroit (Uhr, 4). Painting being is one of the major aspects of art that has been vividly exploited by the people of Detroit. Due to this, this paper will explain the recent and old art of Detroit with a main focus on paintings around its metropolitan area. Paintings in Detroit The Detroit area hosts a wide range of paintings safely kept in galleries, museums, schools and famous buildings with some of the oldest and famous painters credited for the beautiful works. One of the oldest painters in Detroit was Diego Rivera who painted twenty seven wall paintings. His paintings featured the traditional Mexican culture which resembles the indigenous Indian culture (Scripps, 54). It is evident that art was used to express the heritage and culture of a people. Moreover, Diego Rivera’s work also included wall paintings or murals of the Ford Company at the start of making of the fuel propelled engine (Scripps, 147). He painted workers at the industry working with big machinery inside the Ford Company making the engines. This was a great monument which until today holds the memory of the beginning of the petrol engine designing. On the walls, Rivera painted murals with varied expressions from the cultural traditions of the Mexican people to the industrialism if the American nation (Scripps, 97). They were considered his greatest success which depicted the industrial and technological revolutions that were taking place around the nineteenth century. It is also evident that painting as art also stores the memories and events that were take place at a certain time I n addition, Thomas Cole in 1845 and 1847 painted one of the most extraordinary pieces of the view of lakes and peaks at sunset (Richardson, 57). This was a great painting which attracted attention from the greatest collectors in Detroit. It was finally stored in the Schwartz Galleries among other paintings done by Thomas Cole. In his paintings, Thomas Cole expressed nature at different views clearly exploring the diverse natural attractions of Detroit. This explains that art is also used in the expression of certain natural phenomena. This led to increased tourist visitations and further enhancing the art of the Detroit people (Downs, Rivera & Kahlo, 57). Other inspiring and talented painters have also hailed from Detroit. Particularly, Patricia Hill Burnett (Siler) a lady who was born in Brooklyn moved to Detroit with her mother and started professional portrait painting (Beal, 21). She is credited with some famous paintings including the painting of the Philippines President Coraz on Aquino in her presidential palace in Manila, the portraits of Margaret Thatcher, Max Fisher, Jackie Joyner Kersee and Indira Gandhi. Another artist who was very talented is Shelden Iden, who is credited with beautiful works of himself, and the inspiring paintings of the great Indian caves using the light rays that were streaming through the cave openings. Robert Wilbert, another painter based in

Risk And Uncertainty When Entering A New Market Economics Essay

Risk And Uncertainty When Entering A New Market Economics Essay When entering a foreign market for the first time, a firm will be faced with many unknowns. Distinguish between the concepts of risk and uncertainty when a firm is entering a market of your choice. Give examples of types of risk. INTRODUCTION This paper will examine the concept of foreign market incursion by domestic business entities. It will analyse the risks associated with and probe uncertainties inherent in globalizing the local business. The market of choice used in this paper is the entertainment industry in general and the music industry in particular, with a special focus on the music industry in sub-Saharan Africa. The paper will begin by defining key terms used and then give a broad background of international business and globalisation. The paper will then narrow its focus to the business context within which it will define risks and uncertainties. Each type of risk is expounded upon within the context provided and a conclusion made. DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS Credit Risk: (also called default risk) the risk of non-payment or uncertainty associated with payment of financial obligations when they are due. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Any investment abroad in which the company being invested in is controlled by a foreign entity or corporation. Foreign Exchange Risk: The risk of loss or money depreciation through change in currency exchange rates between the host country and country of origin of foreign investment. Interest Rate Risk: Uncertainty associated with changes in interest rates. Location Risk: These are spillover or contamination effects created by challenges or problems specific to the region in which a country is in. Piracy: The act of misuse of other peoples intellectual property. Pirate: Someone who uses anothers intellectual property as if it were his own. Political Risk: Actions by groups of people or governments which have the potential to affect the immediate or long term viability of a firm. Price Risk: Uncertainty associated with potential changes in the price of an asset cause by changes in interest rate levels and rates of return in the economy. Pure Risk: The type of risk which only offers the potential for loss but never results in gains. Risk: The likelihood of an occurrence of an outcome which is disadvantageous or harmful. Sovereign Risk: This is the risk that the government or one of its agencies will refuse to honour agreed terms of a loan agreement whenever the situation makes it arduous or undesirable for it to pay. Speculative Risk: The type of risk which offers both the potential for gain and the potential for loss. Systematic Risk: Risk which influences a large number of assets and which are impossible to prevent such as political events or acts of nature. Also called market risk. Talent: Someone with an exceptional ability. Uncertainty: The quality of human knowledge or information concerning risk. Unsystematic Risk: (Specific Risk): Risk which affects a very small number of assets or which is specific to a company such as a lockout at a recording studio. Visibility: The level of exposure to public scrutiny offered by such factors as a good marketing strategy. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND GLOBALISATION The term international business is concerned with the exchange of goods and services between individuals, groups and organizations in two or more countries. It includes all cross-border transactions between nations with commercial or political value, both by government and by private entities. Although globalisation is a complex construct to measure, it is widely acknowledged that much of the worlds business is either crossing borders and becoming global, uses imports in its manufacturing and/or supply or competing with foreign products in the same industry. Globalisation is a force that simply cannot be ignored. For purposes of clarity and due to differences in academic opinion on the subject, a working definition of globalisation for this paper will be derived from Hamilton and Webster (2009): Globalisation involves the creation of linkages or interconnections between nations. It is usually understood as a process in which barriers (physical, political, economic, cultural) separating different regions of the world as [sic] reduced or removed, thereby stimulating exchanges in goods, services, money, and people (Hamilton Webster 2009, p.5). The concept of globalisation acknowledges a world evolution into a global village where activities in one part influence and have marked significance over those in other parts in a short space of time (Katsioloudes Hadjidakis, 2007 p.366). Rapid technological advancement has undoubtedly improved connections between countries by expanding telecommunications, transportation services, government operations and general enterprise. There are, however, both strengths and weaknesses to be derived from the inexorable advancement of globalisation. Supporters of the concept argue that globalisation has brought about amazing dividends including a sharp fall in poverty; improved global health evidenced by an increased global life expectancy and a drop in infant mortality; a rise in global literacy; and an unprecedented wave of democratization (Ã…slund A Dabrowski M, 2008 p.3). THE CONTEXT THE MUSIC INDUSTRY The music industry is a blend of producers, promoters, talent, the musical art form, the product format and modes of distribution. Unlike in Western nations where big production studios such as SONY BMG, Motown Record Company, and Arista run the industry through music production, record sales, publishing and related merchandise, in many sub-Saharan African countries, the producers are entrepreneurs who more often than not exploit young and inexperienced talent to turn a profit. Returns to the local industry have been handicapped by piracy and the inability or unwillingness of governmental structures to protect intellectual property in itself a reaction to the growing rates of youth and graduate unemployment. The music industry in the region has therefore experience limited growth until recent years. Today, advancement in music production technology, the internet, and the influence of multinational enterprises such as telecommunications giants like AIRTEL and MTN are reshaping the musical culture through intense exposure and multi-faceted advertising campaigns promising to deliver new and exotic musical forms to a global market characterised by quick and ready consumption for innovative and new products. Through this economic globalisation, a new musical culture is emerging, and relatively unexposed classical and contemporary musical art forms in sub-Saharan Africa are beginning to enjoy global exposure. The advantages which the music industry in Africa has to offer are in the uniqueness of the product offering, the vast array of products or individual artistes with individual music and dance styles, and the novelty of the African experience. The Product Life Cycle (PLC) theory explains that the growth stage of international products is characterised by fast growing demand. From an analysis of the music industry in Africa, one could argue that it is rejuvenated into a growth phase in a new product cycle. There is evidence of demand for the new African musical product from such groups as Africans in the diaspora, African Americans, and art lovers from diverse cultural backgrounds. This can be said to be the justification behind the consistent exchange of musical artists between Africa and the West in corporate promotions of international telecommunications giants including Airtel, MTN, Orange and Safaricom in several sub-Saharan African countries. One could similarly argue that since the election victory of Barack Obama, the first US president of African parentage, African American entertainment moguls wishing to identify with the motherland have been creating opportunities for more interaction between Africa and North America in music and film. Film and music festivals such as the Zanzibar International Film Festival (ZIFF), African movie Academy Awards (AMAA), the MTV African Music Awards (the MAMAs), have been consistently attended by American stars of African descent in an effort to increase the involvement and presence of the American entertainment industry (a global leader in the field). Other Awards in the north such as the Music of Black Origin Awards (MOBOs) and the Pan African Film Festival (PAFF) have been striving to acknowledge and recognise African talent in order to spread awareness of the budding industry. One of the reasons why organizations engage in international business is to minimize risk by securing their product in a market with an expanding economy or to counter the strategies of competitors (Daniels, Radebaugh, Sullivan, 2009, p.60). When establishing operations abroad, however, a company also exposes itself to certain types of risk. In making an incursion into a foreign market, music businesses are often faced with several unknowns which are highlighted under types of risk. RISK AND UNCERTAINTY Both risk and uncertainty are factors which inherently influence corporate, strategic and tactical decision making in firms. Risks are calculable or known premises of the probability of having an undesirable outcome. They are a combination of the probability of occurrence of hazards and the magnitude or impact of their likely consequences. People who make decisions always have a certain level of knowledge about risks they take. The music producer, for instance, understands the risk of piracy in his immediate environment and the impact it may have on his ability to turn a profit from the music business, or he may understand the risk taken on investing in and promoting hitherto unproven talents in the industry based on mere intuition. The tolerability of risk is the willingness of a subject to live with a certain level of risk in exchange for some certain benefits. While the risk of competing with pirates who have minimal production and set-up costs may be high, the trade-off is often industry visibility for the product which enables the producer or label to get beneficial contracts for live and sometimes international music events. Further risks faced by the music industry in an effort to globalise are outlined below under risks faced by the industry. Uncertainty, on the other hand, is the situation in which the decision maker has no precise knowledge of the probability of occurrence of different states of outcome. The decision maker, in essence, has no predictive knowledge of the probability of any form of outcome. The music producer may be largely uncertain whether his or her product or talent is suitable for a market which has a different cultural context which may include a language barrier. He will also probably be uncertain about whether there will be a terrorist attack (a political risk) at any one of the shows organised for the benefit of promoting his talents abroad, even though he may be warned in advance of the risk of a cyclone and other forces of nature. TYPES OF RISK Risks may be typified along several different and distinct lines but due to volume restrictions and for the purposes of this paper we shall be examining the typologies listed below: Country risk Political risk Transfer risk Economic risk Foreign exchange risk Location risk 1. Country risk All businesses which transcend borders become exposed to a certain measure of risk which is not present in their domestic activities and transactions and these are known as country risks. In the narrower view of the concept, country risk is defined as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ risk that a country will not be able to honour its financial commitments (Katsioloudes Hadjidakis, 2007 p.185-6). In the broader context, however, country risk analyses are general aggregates of sub-risk factors present within the country. They may be calculated and form the basis on which to determine the desirability of choosing a country upon which to invest. For instance, countries which favour external investments and remove restrictive trade barriers are normally considered to be safe ground for foreign direct investment. By and large many third world countries like those of sub-Saharan Africa have not got the best end of the globalisation bargain (Waters, 2001 p.45) Due to usual high levels of uncertainty, country risk is not always easily calculated. However, some practitioners calculate country risk by dividing it up into sub-categories of risk which are then aggregated. These usually include: political risk, economic risk; transfer risk; foreign exchange risk; location risk; sovereign risk. According to current country risk ratings, Norway as the country with the least risk for investment (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_risk). 2. Political Risk Political risks include all risks associated with the actions of government especially those to do with the legal dimension, relationships between countries, and security of investments. As with every other facet of business, political risks influence the music industry and the feasibility of globalisation. The African music and entertainment industries desire to move into Asia and North America because of the influence, technology and financial pull of Bollywood in India and Hollywood in the USA. Countries such as Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iraq are not ideal destinations due to political turmoil and the potent risk of loss of life, property or investments there. Other countries with an Eastern or socialist inclination are not attractive to those with capitalist orientations. In order to avoid fallouts of a political nature in investing in a global music enterprise, those in the African music industry simply need to do some country research to acquire relevant information about political stability and diplomatic relations between the country of potential investment and the country of the investors origin. There are a variety of web-based services which offer information on countries via country reports. The probability of travel restrictions barring temporary immigration or work based travel and visa denials due to stringent conditions are also elements of a political nature whose risks need calculation before any major investment can be made. 3. Transfer risk Sometimes the country of an individual who borrows money in an investment restricts the ability of people in that country to buy foreign exchange. The impact of this is that the borrower may not be able to meet his/her obligations to repay in foreign currency the currency of the borrowed amount. The risk of this occurring is normally known as transfer risk and because of the role of government in this type of risk; it is also a type of political risk. This risk is mostly present in countries where democracy is not the system of government. 4. Economic Risk Economic risk in the context of globalisation is the risk that the investment will be economically unsustainable. Variations in different financial inputs and outputs of the enterprise need to add up to ensure that the risk of fallout is checked. In the music industry, when the investment in an artist in terms of publicity and promotion, training and logistical costs are predicted not to be able to be offset by predicted future sales from the work of the artist, then it can be said that the economic risk is too high and it is not a good or advisable investment. 5. Foreign Exchange Risk This is also known as exchange rate risk or currency risk. It is the risk of change of the value of an investment due to fluctuations between exchange rates of the currency of the investor and the currency of the host country for the investment. The possible adverse effect of foreign exchange risk is that the investment may become more expensive as a result of unprecedented changes in currencies which are outside the control of the investor. A music producer who invests in a product for sale in a foreign market will be happy if the value of the foreign currency appreciates against the value of his local currency as that would mean increased profits for him. The foreign exchange market is highly volatile and predicting the direction of foreign exchange movement a guessing game. Many foreign buyers prefer to avoid this risk by trading in their local currency. 6. Location Risk Location risks are risk factors associated with the political neighbours of a country or region. Certain states in North America which border Mexico are affected by illegal immigration and have concerns to do with illegal migrant workers; the political dynamics of such countries as Tunisia affects that of similar or neighbouring countries such as Egypt and Libya as evidenced by the recent revolts (in the first quarter of 2011). RISK RETURN TRADE-OFF The risk-return trade-off principle holds that low risk levels are associated with low potential returns while where high risks exist; the possibility of high returns looms large. This is why even when the country risks are great, firms may decide to take on the challenge of investing nevertheless, often prompted by the need to defend against the prospect of the companys competitors taking the initiative. For example, in the music and entertainment industry, many North American artistes used to shun the Middle East as a suitable showground due to the notion that Middle Eastern ideologies and Islamic values predominant in the culture there were inconsistent with the entertainment requirements of unrestricted freedom of expression. However, in an unprecedented turnaround, Middle Eastern cities such as Dubai are fast becoming a favourite of artistes since big artists like Michael Jackson took the plunge of tapping into the market in the 1990s. OTHER RISKS FACED BY THE INDUSTRY Polycentrism may influence the art form of the music talent. Polycentrism works through the belief of foreign business units of trying to act local. Artists and producers are often strongly influenced by the local culture of the foreign environment of investment by sub-elements of personality including the language, dressing, use of available musical instruments and technology, and the musical art itself. Socialization of this nature may cause irreparable modification to the art they offer and the image they normally portray, a product exported for its original nature. This may later influence the potential of the talent to remain intellectually authentic the musical talent in some instances may be accused of no longer sounding African or of losing authenticity. SUGGESTED STRATEGY OF INCURSION INTO THE FOREIGN MARKET Based on the factors examined it is advisable for investors in the music industry to seek partnerships with foreign counterparts in selling the unique products of African traditional and contemporary musical art in a globalised setting. Just as local food is internationalised by countries such as Italy, Japan and the US in entities such as MacDonalds, single entrepreneurs can expand the musical product in clubs which offer African musical content with renewable, trainable talent acting as the products on offer. The risk from competition, while challenging, helps organizations focus their energies on quality strategies of survival or market expansion. Due to the challenges inherent in integrating into a foreign market, foreign firms must enhance the process of their integration into local markets as a matter of necessity. This can be done by recruiting locals and learning the language and culture (Daniels, Radebaugh, Sullivan, 2009, p.505) among other integration strategies. CONCLUSION The paper has outlined the concepts of risk and uncertainty in the global arena within the context of the incursion of a local business. The sub-Saharan African perspective has been brought to bear on the analysis. The paper highlighted the difference between risk and uncertainty showing their relationship to one another and giving examples on each of the concepts. The paper has also looked at ways in which a firm in the music and entertainment industry may benefit from globalisation. Comparisons were made between the African music industry and other globalised franchises in the world such as MacDonalds in suggesting a useful model which may be simulated.

A World of Guilt Essay -- essays research papers

A World of Guilt   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All human beings will, at some point carry some amount of guilt with them. Whether they could have prevented what happened or not, humans tend to carry guilt. Hester Prynne will forever carry the guilt of committing adultery. This is shown when Hawthorne writes, ?Here, there was the taint of deepest sin in the most sacred quality of human life? (53). In his novel The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne writes about sin and hypocrisy by describing the trials and tribulations of Hester Prynne. Hawthorne wants the readers of his book to dig deeper into their own thoughts and beliefs and examine if they themselves are hypocritical in daily life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hester shows throughout the book that she carries a great deal of guilt. Hester refuses to give the name of her lover in an attempt to shield him from her grief. She shows this early in the book when she says, ?I will not speak? (64). She also tries to conceal the name of Pearl?s father to shield him from guilt. Hester tells the crowd at the scaffold that her child will not know her father when she says, ?And my child must seek a heavenly Father; she shall never know an earthly one!? (64).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hester bears her guilt in a variety of ways. First she pampers her only treasure, Pearl. She wants the focus of peoples attention to be on Pearl, which she shows when the story states ?Her mother, with a morbid purpose, that may be better unde...

How Is Technology Affecting People Psychologically? Essay

In 1922, a doctor’s kit was the most desired toy in the United States. Almost all toys on the website â€Å"Hot Holiday Toys for 2012† were either electronic or electronic related. These toys range from Furbuddy, an electronic pet that talks, to Nintendo and Wii’ games and gaming systems. What impact is technology having on people? Today, with thousands of video games offered; nearly 1 billion users on Facebook; and the average person checking their phone close to 75 times per day, one can only wonder how this affects people psychologically. This can be seen in how the internet offers amazing information and opportunities that have changed the way people communicate. Internet World Stats website cites that the internet users have grown over 566% since 2000. Ease of access to information and communication is, of course, a big reason to use the internet, but is there more to it? Is the ability to control completely the information one reads and the people one interacts with a part of this draw to the internet? The person who holds the mouse is in control when he or she surfs the web. He or she chooses which sites to go to and which people to interact with. In many ways the user feels safe. If something negative online occurs, one can simply exit the site. On Facebook, if someone posts something the user doesn’t like, the user can block the sender or â€Å"unfriend† the offending person. Unfortunately, this negative online interaction is all too frequent. Cyber bullying is the act of bullying using electronic technology. It has become so serious that laws have been passed to outlaw it; going as far as jail time. Cyber bullying occurs with one out of six children. It can be devastating because it can happen 24 hours per day and every day of the week. The worst part about Cyber bullying is that it can even happen when the victim is alone. Cyberbullying Research Center states, â€Å"There have been many high profile and tragic incidents in the media in recent years which have linked adolescent suicides to experiences with cyber bullying.† The technology used in this type of bullying ranges from cell phones, social media sites, to chat rooms. It has become such a problem that many schools have created programs to discuss the harmful effects it causes. Cyber bullying is an example of the disinhibition effect. Psychologists have created this term meaning when people online loosen up, feel more uninhibited, and express themselves more than they ever would in a face to face conversation. It can be threatening and hurtful as in cyber bullying; or it can be what psychologist call benign disinhibition. This is when a person reveals secret emotions, fears and wishes. The user may share too much about themselves, but overall it is not harmful. This sharing of experiences has been seen as a very positive experience when regarding veterans. Many times soldiers come back from war and have feelings about their experiences that they feel civilians do not understand. Sites and chat rooms have been created to fill this need. As John Suler author of The Psychology of Cyberspace states they don’t have to worry about how others look or sound when they â€Å"say† something. Seeing a frown, a shaking head, a sigh, a bored expression, and many other signs of disapproval or indifference can stop what people are willing to express. Not being able to see expressions of a person’s feelings, leads to one expressing themselves more openly. This has created support for not just veterans, but others who reach out to people â€Å"like them† so they can connect and feel understood. Another group who seek to connect with each other are gamers. Video games have exploded in popularity since 1947. Now over 72 percent of the Americans play video games. Video games have been proven to increase decision-making skills which come in handy in a fast-paced world. They have also been proven to improve men and women’s ability to picture 3D objects states U.S Department of Defense researchers. However, as much they may be helping gamers with thinking skills; violent video games are certainly not helping with violent behavior. A study was done with two groups of college students; group one played a violent video game and group two played a nonviolent video game. The researchers measured how the students felt and how they behaved. Social Psychologist Brad Bushman at Ohio State University showed the groups two violent pictures: one of a man shoving a gun down another man’s throat; another of a man holding a knife to a woman’s throat. â€Å"What we found is for people who were exposed to a lot of violent video games; their brains did not respond to the violent images,† Bushman said. â€Å"They were numb, if you will.† People who play violent video games become numb to the violence they see. Knowing this, one may find it disturbing to know that the top three most sold video games in the US, are all listed by Parenting website in â€Å"The 10 most violent video games to avoid.† list. Does playing violent video games increase violence or just make the user numb to it? That is still to be determined. The positive effects of technology are as endless as imagination. The amazing ability to instantly have knowledge at your fingertips any time of the day or night is one benefit it is hard to imagine being without. Being able to connect with a friend continents away is a wonderful gift that keeps people in touch with each other. But like most things; technology has a negative side like cyber bullying; and the violence in video games open to children a keystroke away. Technology has no doubt changed the world, but the question becomes does the positive outweigh the negative and if so, what should be done about the negative aspects?

Idea and Ideal

Idea and Ideal Idea and Ideal Idea and Ideal By Maeve Maddox It may be a regionalism, but many speakers say or write ideal when they mean idea. For example: I have an ideal for next year’s Christmas: Move the date. Comic Silverman has an ideal for ending world hunger: Sell the Vatican. Do you have any ideals for how I can ease my fear of flying? The noun idea can be used with philosophical connotations, but as the word is used in ordinary conversation, it usually means â€Å"the picture or notion of something formed in the mind.† Here are some correct uses of idea: I have an idea for next year’s Christmas: Move the date. Comic Silverman has an idea for ending world hunger: Sell the Vatican. Do you have any ideas for how I can ease my fear of flying? I have an idea; let’s go to the movies. An inventor begins with an idea of the thing to be made. He wants to visit Paris, but the idea of flying makes him hesitate. As a noun, ideal means â€Å"a person or thing regarded as a perfect example or representative†: James Garner was the ideal of a Hollywood leading man with thick black hair, square jaw, perfect teeth, and a charming smile. The Grace Project: Transforming Our Ideal of Female Beauty The noun ideal is also an antonym of real used as an abstract noun: In politics as in personal matters, individuals must come to terms with the disparity between the ideal and the real. The notion of an ideal, of something, which for whatever reason, ought to be, as distinguished from what is. –J. Grote Ideal used as an adjective does not attract the misuse that haunts ideal as a noun. In the following examples ideal means, â€Å"regarded as perfect or supremely excellent in its kind†: Bond girl Bà ©rà ©nice Marlohe talks about her ideal man   What’s the ideal breed for a family dog? In an ideal world, prime ministers would indeed put great thought and effort into establishing a highly skilled, intellectually impressive, thoughtful and engaged Senate. But it’s not an ideal world.   Ideal can also mean â€Å"existing only in idea; not real, actual, or practical†: Administrators must compromise  between practical and ideal  solutions. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:English Grammar 101: All You Need to KnowPrecedent vs. PrecedenceKn- Words in English

Balance Among Married Working Women Social Work Essay Essays

Balance Among Married Working Women Social Work Essay Essays Balance Among Married Working Women Social Work Essay Essay Balance Among Married Working Women Social Work Essay Essay ( Saltzstein, Ting, A ; Saltzstein, July/August 2001 ) . Harmonizing to Harvard Business Review, hubbies are non good when they have to look after their kids. Merely 9 % of hubbies take clip off from their work agenda when their kid is ill, 9 % help their kids in their surveies and merely 3 % return enterprises to set up activities like summer cantonment for their household. Not merely this but many adult females feels that their hubby make more household work for them every bit compared to the sum of work they contribute ( Hewlett, 2002 ) . Although these per centums are increasing with the transition of clip but still it s minimum, which shows that females are bearing more burden with all these duties than males which leads to a higher degree of struggle among their work and household functions As people are now fighting to better the life manners and life criterions in order to take better, healthier and longer lives, therefore the line dividing the household life and work life has bit by bit blurred ( Malik A ; Khan, 2008 ) . The mutuality of work and household life is a world and with the increasing figure of adult females engagement in the work force, this mutuality have become more seeable and debatable ( Bailyn, Drago, A ; Kochan, 2001 ) . Harmonizing to a survey, on an mean full clip occupations held by females across Europe is 40 % whereas 32 % females hold direction places ( European Commission, 2007 ) . While globally adult females make up 40 % of the planetary work force, with double-digit growing in certain states ( Carter A ; Silva ) . Although the personal and professional life of persons have developed in many facets but the patterns and policies regulating employment have remained unchanged. These are still practiced in a manner sing that a male worker is the breadwinner for the household, with a supportive married woman at place and are non responsible for household responsibilities. But the world is wholly opposite, as workers have to run into their household duties besides along with work and those workers who are married have an employed partner ( Bailyn, Drago, A ; Kochan, 2001 ) . It is a known fact that many organisations, due to the force per unit area of work, promote their employees for the extension of working hours so that the work can be completed on specified deadlines. This affects the work-life balance of persons at greater degree ( Satisfaction and Work-life Balance ) . In add-on, work and household emphasis have important deductions on society. Family may endure because of the increased emphasis degree created due to work force per unit areas ( Cartwright A ; Cooper, 1994 ) . This may impact the interaction between parent and kid, because of which there may be certain effects which have to be encountered in the signifier of ; alterations in kids s behaviour, kid s public presentation in faculty members and issues related to wellness etc ( McEwen A ; barling, 1991 ) . This consequence in a struggle among different important functions persons have to play in their day-to-day lives such as ; a hubby or a married woman, a male parent or a female parent, a kid, an employee, an employer, a pupil, a community member, etc ( Neault, 2005 ) . Each function demands high attending and has its ain demands and duties. Hence work life struggle occurs when married people are unable to convey a balance between their household and work duties ( Ibrahim A ; Marri, 2008 ) . Our research will chiefly concentrate on married working females of banking sector of Pakistan as harmonizing to the Economist, banking industry is the largest and profitable industry of Pakistan and hence the Numberss of adult females are increasing for different Bankss of Pakistan whether it s a cardinal bank, commercial bank or Islamic bank. This is non the lone issue for the adult females to confront but some other issues such as torment, compromising household norms and working values. In this undertaking we are aim to reflect these issues and the factors which creates hurdlings for adult females to equilibrate their personal and professional life. Overview of Banking Sector in Pakistan The Bankss since its origin have been dominated by work forces, but as the economic conditions demands adult females to be bread earners to back up their households and to increase their criterions of life, the door to come in the occupation market has opened for them. Although, the adult females ab initio were minuscular in figure but obsessed really specialised accomplishments, the promotion of adult females was neer considered a factor in banking sector until the enlargement of Bankss and other fiscal establishments which necessitated more support staffs. Womans, who started ab initio as support staffs are now an built-in portion of the Bankss, functioning in junior and in-between direction places with a few figure in the top degree direction. They are now considered as an built-in portion of every banking establishment around the universe. Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation ( HSBC ) India encourages the enlisting of adult females at higher rate. HSBC believes that qualified adult females perform their occupation in a much better manner comparative to male opposite numbers and besides give their maximal attempt to carry through their ends. Harmonizing to Fortune magazine ( 2005 ) , HSBC has been ranked among the top 50 employers for adult females and minorities worldwide ( Vij ) . The banking sector is an illustration where extremely educated adult females are hired with relatively better working conditions than other sector. But in banking sector besides adult females have to confront figure of challenges, one of the research undertaking indicated that during the engaging procedure of females in Bankss, adult female is largely perceived as an ordinary employee while adult male is considered as expert. This perceptual experience open more chances for work forces to hold publicities in their callings while adult females are largely loaded with the everyday work as they are more patient than work forces. It is besides turning tendency now a yearss that most Bankss are engaging adult females to stand for at forepart desks to pull clients and to heighten the image and repute of Bankss. Not merely this but EyuboAYlu A ; KuteAY ( 2000 ) states that during the interviews for engaging a adult female they are asked non to give birth to kids for some old ages so that they can supply full attending to their work and the choice has been done on these evidences. Banks besides prefer to engage female work force due to the fact that adult females are considered as more devoted towards their work and does non acquire involved in corruptness and deceitful activities easy every bit compared to males. These all issues make it hard for the females to last in the banking sector easy. Issues like late working hours, covering with hard clients, covering with pecuniary issues, torment, glass ceiling, gender favoritism, societal restraint and lower chances for calling promotion affects their life at place. This makes life nerve-racking and besides affects the physical and mental well-being of adult females which bit by bit impact the functions they are playing at place. Aim of Research and Study With the increased figure of female work force around the Earth, it has become hard for adult females to pull off their work and household duties efficaciously which give rise to a struggle among these duties. Within the past few decennaries the work force around the Earth has apparent ; increased senior and kid attention duties, individual parent households and lessening in occupation security due to the alterations in the construction of working conditions which has blurred the boundaries of work and household life ( Neault, 2005 ) . Our subject which talks about keeping work life balance among married working adult females in the Banking Sector focuses on estimating the hurdlings impacting the work-life balance. This survey will analyse how adult females in the twenty-first century can make it all, i.e. prosecute a chosen calling, be bread earners, have a well-structured household life including nurturing kids, and yet be able to pull off a societal life all in one line. The job arises when hubbies do non portion the duties with their partners at place. As harmonizing to a research conducted in America by Harvard Business Review, the per centum of hubbies who understand their duty for meal readying is merely 9 % , while merely 10 % of hubbies portion the duty of wash with their partners and 5 % return enterprises to clean the house ( Hewlett, 2002 ) . Although this research has been conducted in American scenario but the instance of Pakistani society would non be much different as Pakistani society is male dominated and the cultural and household norms practiced in society restrict hubbies to assist adult females in domestic jobs. This survey will give us an thought that harmonizing to the working adult females s position, what are the most of import issues they are confronting in their lives while seeking to keep a balance between their personal-professional lives and what are their outlooks from their organisation in order to assist them to get the better of with it? Literature Review It is a truth that the separation of work and household life has become hard, they both act together and the lines of limit of household life and work life is going blurred twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. With altering times, societal construction, nature of concern and globalisation at fast gait ; boundaries of work is altering quickly. Working forms and timings are quickly altering around the universe but still in many states, the construction of making work has non been revised. There is a demand for the alteration in persons and organisations manner of executing their occupations. Organizations are expected to execute at its optimum and supply better services 24/7 which requires employees to give drawn-out working hours to present service and this in bend effects personal lives of employees and creates an issue of work-life instability which is of paramount concern for everyone to hold work-life balance ( Jacobs A ; Gerson, 2001 ) ( Taylor, 2001 ) . Work life balance is an accommodation in working forms to pull off work with other duties ( Smithson A ; Stokoe, 2005 ) regardless of gender. Work-life balanceA reflects ; The extent to which an person is every bit engaged in and every bit satisfied with his or her work function and household function ( Aziz A ; Cunningham, 2008 ) , likewise harmonizing to Clark ( 2000 ) as cited by Othman, Yusof, A ; Osman ( 2009 ) work life balance is defined as, Satisfaction and good operation at work and at place with a lower limit of function struggle ( Othman, Yusof, A ; Osman, 2009 ) . It is besides obvious that every person is to necessitate maintaining and accomplishing a balance between their paid work and household duties be it child attention, elder attention, leisure clip or ego development ( Hogarth A ; Bosworth, 2009 ) . Initially, work was considered as the lone duty of male members of the society while adult females were merely responsible for the domestic jobs ( Bailyn, Drago, A ; Kochan, 2001 ) , ( Eikhof, Warhurst, A ; Haunschild, 2007 ) . This model has been followed for ages and it was widely believed and accepted that the bread-winners of the household were merely work forces. However as clip evolved and in order to gain and hold better life styles for their household, female work force in the labour market started to increase, the conventional image of male as bread victor started to transform and now female besides played an every bit of import function as an gaining member of the household ( Easton, 2007 ) , ( Flechl, 2009 ) , ( Malik A ; Khan, 2008 ) ( Hakim, 2006 ) , ( Strober, 2010 ) , ( Lourel, Ford, Gamassou, GueA?guen, A ; Hartmann, 2009 ) . Females at Work Force The Second World War brought the part of adult females to the head. The disagreement between work forces and adult females started to emerge, as it came in to detect when the female gender entered the work force around the Earth ( Goldin, 1991 ) , which added another duty to their history that now they are playing multiple functions between work and household life, taking attention of their household every bit good as their work both came under their life sphere ( Tijdens, 1997 ) , ( A.Milkie A ; Peltola, 1999 ) . It was seen that at the clip of Second World War maintaining aside the traditional division of labour on the footing of gender, adult females entered the work force and get down executing the work forces s occupation in the industries to turn out themselves as capable plenty to execute undertakings in a more organized and better manner ( Milkman, 1987 ) . During this clip period, they were non considered as the mill worker alternatively their individuality was recognized as adult females merely ( Trey, 1972 ) and with the terminal of the war ; the females were forced out of the labour market in order to take attention of their traditional duties ( Hyman A ; Summers, 2004 ) . Fortunately, for adult females this was merely a impermanent reverse, as the figure of adult females workers has increased after the Second World War which shows that the form set during the war clip is still being pursued by females persistently till present ( Milkman, 1987 ) , ( Bird, 2006 ) . This is apparent from a research conducted by Goldin ( 1991 ) on the per centum of working females in USA as harmonizing to this survey ; the engagement rate in 1890 was 5 per centum, 1940 s was around 10.1 per centum, while in 1950 s it increased to 22.2 per centum and so kept on increasing and eventually reached 60 per centum in 1990 s ( Goldin, 1991 ) . Female Work Force in Pakistan Female work force is non merely increasing in European states, but besides in Pakistan ; adult females are come ining in the labour force with an increasing tendency ( Hussain, Malik, A ; Hayat, 2009 ) . Harmonizing to Federal Bureau of Statistics of Pakistan, the adult females come ining into the work force have increased to 11.81 million ( 53.72 % ) in 2009 from 10.96 million ( 51.78 % ) in 2008. This labour force comprises of 74 % females in agribusiness sector, 11.9 % in fabrication, 11.6 % in service sector, while the remainder of 0.9 % are working in other sectors ( Federal Bureau of Statistics, 2010 ) . These statistics shows that with an increasing figure of female work forces, it has become compulsory for adult females to keep a balanced work and household life. Change in the Role of Women with Added Responsibility The function of adult females modified after the Second universe war, as females started come ining in the labour force as staff of life earners to back up their households due to economic force per unit areas ( Hakim, 2006 ) and to better their life manner ( Emslie A ; Hunt, 2009 ) , and changed the traditional image of male being the sole responsible for gaining the support for all household members. With the sweetening of this new function as bread earners, the duty besides increases for the adult females as now they have to look after their work life besides along with the household which makes it hard for them to pull off both duties at the same time ( Lourel, Ford, Gamassou, GueA?guen, A ; Hartmann, 2009 ) , ( Flechl, 2009 ) , ( Work-Life Balance, 2010 ) . Although the conventional theoretical account of male bread victor starts to modify but still the distribution of responsibilities between work forces and adult females remains unchanged. As now adult females are sharing the duties of work forces by come ining in the work force but on the other side the responsibilities performed by females are non being shared ( Emslie A ; Hunt, 2009 ) , which is making a struggle between their household and calling life ( Zulu, 2007 ) , ( Thompson A ; Walker, 1989 ) . Originally, adult females had to take attention of household affairs merely while work forces were responsible for work related issues. But with the alteration in the function of female, now they have to pull off their household and professional life efficaciously which is making a load on them ( Malik A ; Khan, 2008 ) , ( Callan, 2008 ) , ( Dulk A ; Peper, 2007 ) . They have to execute undertakings like ; cookery, shopping, cleansing ( A.Milkie A ; Peltola, 1999 ) , listening and soothing kids, supplying emotional support to spouses and parents ( Emslie A ; Hunt, 2009 ) and other domestic jobs ; along with official undertakings while work forces are still merely responsible for work related issues. Due to this ageless list of responsibilities adult females had to execute at place which are less flexible and demanding ( Aziz A ; Cunningham, 2008 ) ; affects professional life or restful clip of females which leaves negative feeling on work life balance as compared to work forces ( A.Milkie A ; Peltola, 1999 ) . Hence, in order to run work and household life swimmingly adult females are expected to do larger forfeits because they possess less power and authorization due to the tradition and cultural norms of the society ( Kardam A ; Toksoz ) . Womans can every bit bask functions as female parents and workers but still experience more force per unit area than work forces because place duties are greater and necessitate more forfeit ( Stephen, 1977 ) , ( Thompson A ; Walker, 1989 ) . Harmonizing to Coltrane ( 2000 ) , Greenhaus and Parasuraman ( 1999 ) , Rothbard and Edwards ( 2003 ) as cited by ( Malik A ; Khalid, 2008 ) it is a known fact that adult females typically do a bigger portion of the family labour than work forces and that excess work at place partly constrains the clip adult females can pass in paid work. Straub ( 2007 ) identifies that adult females tend to pass more clip to household activities as of work forces and the same sum of work hours as of work forces. Challenges Faced by Women while Managing Work and Family Life With the sum of duties added to the function of adult females, it has given rise to multiple challenges that they are confronting in their day-to-day life. Performing assorted undertakings and playing different functions which includes ; female parent, married woman, health professional ( for parents and aged ) and employee at the same time becomes really hard for adult females to carry through ( Straub, 2007 ) , ( Beauregard A ; Henry, 2008 ) . It is a challenge for adult females to give proper clip and attending to ; kids particularly who are really demanding under age of 13 ( Thompson A ; Walker, 1989 ) , hubby to keep healthy relationship ( Jacobs A ; Gerson, 2001 ) , other members of the household ( parents, elderly ) ( Lourel, Ford, Gamassou, GueA?guen, A ; Hartmann, 2009 ) and to their work life for calling patterned advance ( Aziz A ; Cunningham, 2008 ) . A balance between all these duties makes it possible for adult females to execute good in their calling and for the w ell-being of their physical and mental wellness ( Whitehead A ; Kotze, 2003 ) , ( Making Work Life Balance, 2009 ) . Female workers besides have to confront tonss of societal force per unit areas which do non let adult females to hold late posings at the work topographic point for official affairs or to see topographic points related to work ( Hakim, 2006 ) , ( Jacobs A ; Gerson, 2001 ) . These limitations are largely raised by the members of the household which includes ; hubby, in-laws, brother and parents which creates hurdlings in their calling patterned advance ( Schwartz, 1989 ) . Women besides encountered issues like pigeonholing, sexual torment and favoritism which make them experience insecure and confused about whether they should raise voice against inequality or remain quiet and face it ( Ibrahim A ; Marri, 2008 ) , ( Lee A ; Brotheridge, 2005 ) . Harmonizing to Easton ( 2007 ) and Zulu ( 2007 ) , Glass ceiling is besides one of the obstructions which hinders adult females while mounting ladders of hierarchy in organisations because concern environment for adult females is more nerve-racking and non at wholly easy as compared to work forces. As adult females are in minority and largely perceived by work forces as blend of uncertainty, attractive force, regard, confusion, fight, pride and animus ; hence this assorted perceptual experience creates glass ceiling at the clip of publicities ( Flechl, 2009 ) , ( Lourel, Ford, Gamassou, GueA?guen, A ; Hartmann, 2009 ) . As managerial places require strong determination devising accomplishments while adult females are considered as emotional and needed ample sum of clip to do determination for of import affairs ( Aziz A ; Cunningham, 2008 ) , hence adult females are non easy designated for senior managerial places because of perceptual experience that they are best regarded as homemakers and female parents ( Dulk A ; Peper, 2007 ) , ( Kafetsios, 2007 ) . The other challenge for adult females is the calling development and publicity in their professional lives. Senior places require long hr s committedness, work related seminars, conferences, workshop and Tourss which makes it hard for adult females to make due to household duties ( Beauregard A ; Henry, 2008 ) , ( Hochschild A. R. , 1997 ) . Besides the fact that creates hurdlings in adult females s patterned advance is gestation and childbearing ; because they have to take pregnancy foliages which consequences in losing out chances for publicity ( Straub, 2007 ) , ( Doherty, 2004 ) , ( Schwartz, 1989 ) . Although there are many adult females who want to accomplish calling promotion with carry throughing other house clasp undertakings ( Kafetsios, 2007 ) , but organisations fail to recognize that gifted and motivated adult females can be committed to household every bit good as calling and can make best for the in-between direction ( Saltzstein, Ting, A ; Saltzstein, Work-Family Balance and Job Satisfaction: The Impact of Family-Friendly Policies on Attitudes of Federal Government Employees, 2001 ) but as organisations are loath to cut down force per unit area and supply flexibleness this leads to enroll other employees instead than supplying developing to adult females employees ( Clutterbuck, 2003 ) , ( Doherty, 2004 ) . Consequences of Imbalance Work and Life Due to the challenges faced by adult females in their work life, it becomes hard for them to keep a balance between their work life and household life. Therefore it leads to figure of negative effects, non merely at portion of persons but organisations besides have to confront certain reverses ( McPherson, 2007 ) , ( Hyman A ; Summers, 2007 ) . Persons As adult females have to put to death assortment of functions in their household and work life, it becomes tough for them to manage diverse undertakings efficaciously at the same clip supplying equal sum of attending to every function. When adult females were unable to pull off all these functions, it consequences in physical every bit good as psychological jobs ( Kirrane A ; Buckley, 2004 ) ; which includes increased degree of emphasis, anxiousness, deficiency of concentration and lessening in degrees of watchfulness, energy and general wellness ( Beauregard A ; Henry, 2008 ) , ( Franche, Williams, A ; al, 2006 ) Work life instability besides has deductions on the relationship among household members as due to the demanding nature of work, it becomes hard to pass clip together which consequences in deficiency of adhering among household members ( Lee A ; Brotheridge, 2005 ) . Hence due to this state of affairs, adult females may see guilt and sorrow because they are unable to run into outlooks of their households ( Abercromby, 2007 ) , ( Making Work Life Balance, 2009 ) . This is farther supported by a survey conducted by Hudson Inc which shows that, people holding trouble in keeping a balance between professional and household life experience ; temper upset such as depression 30 times more than others, anxiousness upset 10 times more than others and substance-dependence upset such as heavy imbibing 11 times more every bit compared to those employees who maintain proper work-life balance. While employees who experienc lower degree of disagreement between work and household life, reports higher degree of occupation satisfaction in the organisation ( Hudson Iraqi National Congress ) . Organizations Unbalanced work and household life besides have negative impacts on the portion of organisations, as when adult females workforce are non satisfied with the functions they are playing it reflects in their public presentation at work topographic point ( Tausig A ; Fenwick, Unbinding Time: Alternate Work Schedules and Work-Life Balance, 2001 ) , ( Nolan, 2005 ) . Harmonizing to Straub ( 2007 ) , Kafetsios s ( 2007 ) and Lambert et al. , ( 2006 ) ; hit in work and household life consequences in decreased degrees of occupation satisfaction, trueness, organisational committedness, work attempt, public presentation ; while increased the degree of absenteeism and turnover. When employees do non acquire required degree of aid from employers in order to keep proper work-life balance, they start seeking for employment elsewhere harmonizing to their demands and feasibleness ( Hudson Iraqi National Congress ) . Harmonizing to a survey in Harvard Business Review, when female work force takes foliages for household grounds, merely 5 % of them are intend to return back to their several occupations ( Hewlett, Luce, Shiller, A ; Southwell, 2004 ) . Harmonizing to Hansen ( 2002 ) , it is apparent that adult females during their issue interviews states that the ground for go forthing the organisation is to pass more clip with their households but when they are followed up, they are working someplace else ( Hansen, 2002 ) . Sing the impact imbalanced work and household life is holding on organisations, it has become compulsory for employers to advance work-life balance in employee s life and take stairss to do it plausible within the prevailing environment. As if the employees are out of balance or stressed so it will impact their degree of dedication and committedness to their organisation, clients, clients, merchandises and services with which they are engaged ( Tremblay, 2002 ) , ( Human Resource and Skills Development Canada, 2003 ) . Policies and Steps taken by Organization to Support Work Life Balance With the altering tendencies of economic development, equal employment chances and others, the issues sing work-life balance has gained much attending from media and research workers globally ( Kirrane A ; Buckley, 2004 ) . The work-life balance argument largely discussed the fact that persons have excessively much work to make that really small clip left for themselves or household ( Eikhof, Warhurst, A ; Haunschild, 2007 ) . As the clip pass on work does non merely include the contractual hours of employment but it besides include the unpaid activities such as unpredictable long journey times, therefore the line between work and household is going more bleary than before ( Hyman A ; Summers, 2004 ) . These issues make employers recognize the importance of work-life balance in adult female s day-to-day lives in order to acquire optimum results from the female employees ( Leeds list the benefits of better work life balance, 2004 ) , ( Jacobs A ; Gerson, 2001 ) . Hence during 1980 s, many organisations starts to alter their internal workplace policies, processs and benefits. The alterations included pregnancy leave ; Employee aid plans ( EAPs ) , flextime, telecommuting, paid pregnancy leaves, home-based work, holiday, professional guidance, and kid and senior attention referral ( Bird, 2006 ) , ( Hudson Iraqi National Congress ) , ( Sunil Joshi, 2002 ) . At present, the work-life balance issues are assumed as the most discussed subject in the field of Human Resource universe due to the acknowledgment of its value and demand in the lives of females ( Smithson A ; Stokoe, 2005 ) . Sing these effects ensuing from instability work and household life, European companies have shown involvement in cut downing this instability and have launched legion work-life balance plans specifically for females ( Sikora, Moore, Grunberg, A ; Greenberg ) . Harmonizing to a research conducted by Caroline Straub ; on norm 95 per centum of European companies offer flexible timings installation to their employees, 79 per centum employers allow employees to work from place, 23 per centum provides chance to take paid holidaies and merely 34 percent accent on kid attention installations ( Straub, 2007 ) . However still, a inquiry asked by most persons today is as to why make work-life balance affair to policy shapers, and why it might be of importance to employers? Which has been answered by ( Gatrell A ; Cooper, 2008 ) through mentioning Swan and Cooper ( 2005 ) that the construct of work-life balance developed ab initio as a consequence of European authorities policies designed to work on turn toing the force per unit areas with equilibrating work and household life together, where both parents were employed. As farther addressed by Lewis and Cooper ( 2005 ) cited by ( Gatrell A ; Cooper, 2008 ) it has been observed that, work-life balance policies are associated with showing employees with the opportunity to work flexibly, whereas ab initio the impressions of flexible working were considered in equal chances plan, with a particular focal point on working female parents. Today it is unfastened to all. This leads to promoting the construct of work-life balance in clear footings. In New Zealand, ( Kean, 2002 ) undertook a study of the employees of 25 organisations which reveals that there is a clear relationship between the work-life balance policies with the employee s purposes to go forth the organisation and existent turnover rates. This survey suggests that the work-life balance policies have net positive consequence on staff turnover rates. On the other side there are directors who are loath to use policies which promote work life balance ; harmonizing to the survey of Workplace Employment Relations Survey 2004 ( WERS ) , 69 per centum directors in private sector believe that it is entirely the duty of persons to equilibrate their work and domestic demands ( Hyman A ; Summers, 2007 ) . They have the uncertainty of the benefits work life balance will convey to their companies and perceive that it will be dearly-won to implement ( Hughes, 2007 ) . But this is non world, although costs will incur at planning and execution phase but the benefits that will be availed afterwards will be higher from this cost. Benefits earned due to execution of Work Life Balance Policies Work-life balance has become the focal point of companies worldwide, who do non take it lightly at any clip. Nowadays, it is of import for directors to take work-life balance earnestly. The more overworked employees, the higher the demands or the outlooks on the section ( Clutterbuck, 2003 ) , the more the directors have to depend on their employees to execute at the highest possible degree of proficiency, value, and quality ( Jacobs A ; Gerson, 2001 ) , ( Human Resource and Skills Development Canada, 2003 ) . There are companies who believe that if employees maintain a balance between work and household, it will profit the organisation as a whole. A study conducted of DuPont employees lead to a find that those who used work-life chances provided by the company were more committed to their work and believed in lodging with the organisation ( Clutterbuck, 2003 ) . The U.K 2003 Best Companies to Work for study provinces that the companies who allow their staff to work flexibly earn all right dividends. In UK, the authorities has been advancing the construct of work-life balance for some clip now and many big corporations have started to implement this religiously ( Clutterbuck, 2003 ) . The benefits that BT, a U.K based company and one of the taking suppliers of communicating solutions and services around the universe has achieved from this alteration are colossal ; it consequences in a more flexible and an accessible work force, enlisting and preparation costs have been reduced as now 98 % adult females return to work after pregnancy leave which saves around ?3 million, absenteeism rate has reduced to 3.1 % as compared to other U.K. companies whose mean comes about to be 8.5 % , one of the best facets of work-life balance has been that around 7000 BT employees now work from place which has increased its additions of 31 % , and flexible working agreements means that BT can now react to client s demand 24/7 ( Hughes, 2007 ) . Harmonizing to another research, the employee-opinion study conducted at UK constructing society Nationwide, where more than three-quarter agreed with the statement that: I am satisfied that Nationwide provides me with the chances to equilibrate working agreements with my personal life. Therefore it is evident as to how Nationwide has gained the undermentioned wagess over the period of three old ages ; the figure of employees returning from pregnancy leave has increased to 93 % , employee turnover rate has decreased to 9.7 % as compared to the industry norm of 17 % , the figure of female parttime employees has increased to 50 % and female place workers has risen about 150 % ( Job flexibleness and work-life balance wage dividends for Nationwide, 2003 ) . In a recent newspaper article ( Razvi, 2010 ) the author negotiations about how in a state like ours, most companies seemingly operate on an eight to-whenever you re perfectly finished work hours policy. The thought of striking a work-life balance is non ever something that immature people are made cognizant about as they enter the professional district. Even anterior to people come ining the occupation market, barely any are really able to maintain that delicate balance between their surveies and their household and societal life. What the balance adds up to is in itself dynamic, and fluctuates with the altering position, every bit good with the changing demands of the multiple functions. As the construct of equal distribution of work and household duties between male and female are deriving attending, it has expanded the range of work-life balance. Number of researches has been conducted in this regard but still there are many dimensions which need to be addressed specifically in the context of married adult females workforce in Pakistan. Research Methodology Problem Statement It is a juggling undertaking among married working adult females to keep a balance between work life and personal life. With the altering kineticss of economic and societal factors, adult females are going staff of life earners and confronting the hurdlings such as torment, extended working hours, compromising household norms and working values. Therefore, there is a demand to look into what factors cause s hurdlings in keeping work life balance among married working adult females in Banking Sector of Karachi. Research Aims To place the hurdlings married working adult females are confronting in equilibrating their work and personal life. To find the influence of pecuniary and societal factors impacting the work life balance among married working adult females. To place the attempts married working adult females have made to do their ain best work life balance. Significance of the Study In the twenty-first century, it is an recognized world that adult females are frequently seen to be beguiling both work and their family together. To some adult females, work and household come of course and the balance does non acquire disturbed. This survey aims to profit all those adult females who are prosecuting their callings along with pull offing their household and place. It shall besides be an oculus opener for all those still prosecuting their surveies and wishing to take up a calling along with taking duties in conveying up a household. As persons, we all need to be cognizant of how to put our assorted precedences in conformity with our work life and personal life severally. Scope of the Study This survey will be conducted with in the banking sector of Karachi. This research will consist of married working adult females in in-between direction under the age bracket of 25 old ages to 40 old ages and are married for lower limit of 1 twelvemonth. Research Methodology Research Design Therefore, this research will be explorative in nature with the combination of quantitative and qualitative method, consisting of questionnaires to happen out the hurdlings faced by married working adult females in order to equilibrate the professional and personal life. Population The population of the survey chiefly comprises of all married working adult females at in-between direction degree in Bankss runing in Karachi which includes one Islamic bank, two Pakistani Bankss and two foreign Bankss. Sample Frame The respondents are married on the job adult females belonging to the Middle Level Management of selected Bankss in Karachi. From this degree of hierarchy the married working adult females from different sections like Marketing, Finance, Gross saless, IT would be chosen. Approximately a sample of 200 230 in-between degree direction married females working lying under the age bracket of 25 40 old ages at selected Bankss in Karachi, which includes one Islamic bank, two Pakistani Bankss and two foreign bank, will be taken. Sampling technique The sample for study will be selected through non chance stratified trying as the respondents will be chosen from different section. The respondents will be approached on the footing of convenience trying method. Data Collection Method Primary informations The footing of this research has been made with the secondary research to assist understand and research the subject on the footing of which the existent quantitative research will be carried out. This quantitative research will utilize study method for the intent of informations aggregation. The instrument employed will be questionnaires to be filled by married working adult females in banking sector of Karachi. Secondary informations Secondary research will affect a thorough analysis of related research articles and surveies from both international and local diaries and SZABIST web site. Data Analysis Techniques Data will be analyzed with MS Excel but it is possible that analysis will be done through progress package like SPSS depending on the handiness of the resources. Restrictions of the Study The survey is limited to the married working females of banking sector in Karachi merely. We might meet biased or no response from respondents during our informations aggregation stage. This survey will be conducted maintaining in position certain clip restraint with limited resources.

JetBlue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

JetBlue - Essay Example This organization’s goals have been achieved through effective leading, controlling, planning and organizing functions; the study of the individuals and groups in JetBlue which brings the organization behavior known as JetBlue experience (Schermerhorn, 2012). To achieve a wide application, a behavioral science approach was applied by JetBlue by planning and re-enforcing of organizational strategies, process, and structures in order to improve the effectiveness of JetBlue. For this, JetBlue developed a System Operation Center to become an organ for making decisions, teamwork, communication and offering leadership to crewmembers in order to offer excellent services to customers. This has been done through total utilization of the process of change in behavioral science technologies, theory, and research. The long-term strategy of JetBlue has been to change attitudes, cultural values, attitudes and organization structures. To achieve this, JetBlue had to renew its capacity and transform itself into a learning organization (Kondalkar, 2009). To change the operating environment, JetBlue had to reorganize itself to fit in the modern environment. Change had to be managed from the top by Senior Vice President (Operations) (Organization Development Network, 2015). Change is part of the organization culture at JetBlue; thus the department within the organization must help SOC in improving JetBlue and directors always lead the crewmembers. This is espoused in the values and beliefs of JetBlue with clear enshrined goals, aspirations, rationalization and ideologies (Schein, 2010). SOC develops goals and objectives, trains and develops crewmember skills at JetBlue University. This is done by developing complete HR training modules suited for each department and as per the requirement of the director. Surveys are done in order to measure the level of achievement of success in JetBlue. This has also been made possible through applying basic assumptions and

Western Art and History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Western Art and History - Essay Example The lower ground floor houses the Greek sculptures, Egyptian mummies, Etruscan art as well as some artifacts dated from Ancient Rome. The upper ground floor holds a collection of ecclesiastical art from the Middle age, carved wooden ceilings, and some tapestries. Upon visiting the first floor, one would see a vast collection of paintings. Special exhibitions are usually displayed on the mezzanine. B. The artwork contained some elements that art critics have found interesting such as the very specific landscape and the water effects ( Kleiner, 2003) . Indeed, the water effects really showed the expertise of Witz in portraying images in plastic form using contrasting colors and strong shadows. The water seemed so real that accurately reflects the mirror images of the people on the boat as well as the piece of rock on the right side of the painting. The very stark colors in the background complement some of the subjects in the painting: Jesus Christ on the shore and Peter on the water. The vivid red robe of Christ stands out showing his magnificence as compared to the drab wardrobe of Peter struggling in the water. Another interesting feature of this painting is the fact that Witz used Lake Geneva as the setting of the incident instead of Lake Galilee. This resulted to Witz capturing the real background of Geneva during that time it was painted, as described by Hagen ( 2003 )â €  mountains can still be clearly identified: on the right, the Petit Saleve, in the middle the Mole Pointu, on the left the tops of the Voirons†. It can also be observed how Witz shows the position of Christ’s head against the mountain backdrop. The artwork is trying to emphasize Jesus as the figurehead of the church. In addition to that, landscape painting was not yet fully developed that time but the artwork shows how Witz gave justice to the piece. Aside from that